From tsarist Russia to 2020: how the real estate market has changed

How to buy apartments before

XIX century. Profitable houses and shelters in tsarist Russia

Only rich and noble people could buy or build their own mansion at that time. With the growth of cities in the century before last, Russia began to gradually increase the pace of construction of apartment buildings. Especially a lot of them appeared before the October Revolution. For example, only in Moscow from 1911 to 1915 was builtAn apartment building: how the rental housing market in Russia was arranged before 1917 550 houses. But it was impossible to buy an apartment in them - only to rent it. The buildings were called apartment buildings and differed in terms of comfort level.

The most luxurious and expensive "lordly type" houses were located in the city center. People with high income settled in them. Then came tenement houses for people with good salaries: bank employees, private entrepreneurs, shareholders. Small apartments were rented by teachers and officials with an average salary. Finally, the workers rented a bed in the simplest houses. In the basements of such buildings, shelters for the poorest segments of the population were often located.

XX century. Free housing and cooperative apartments in the Soviet Union

When the entire housing stock became state owned, the situation changed. Every Soviet citizen had the right to their own square meters, and the state was supposed to help realize it, according to the 1977 Constitution. In fact, free housing could be expected for years. Apartments were mainly received by moving forward at work. It was almost impossible to sell or buy real estate - just exchange it for another. Moreover, to change living conditions, one had to have a good reason. Brokers - trade intermediaries helped to arrange such transactions. Underground brokers often created shady schemes and helped pass off the purchase of an apartment for an exchange, risking going to jail.

Due to the lack of housing in the first decades after the revolution, many people were forced to share the area. They lived in famous communal apartments, where the family had one room, and the bathroom and kitchen were shared. In the 1950s,Brokers, cooperatives and MZhK: how they solved the housing problem in the USSR housing cooperatives - apartment buildings where you could buy an apartment. As a rule, cooperatives united participants of one profession: creative people, scientists, military. Those who bought an apartment in a cooperative could no longer count on free housing.

XXI Century. Private real estate and mortgages

The return of the market economy led to the privatization of housing - the transfer of real estate to private ownership. Communal apartments began to be settled: for example, in St. Petersburg in 1996 there wereCommunal apartment 14% of communal apartments, the rest were disbanded. Brokers retired, and realtors took over the legal oversight of the purchase and sale of housing.

Private companies began to build new apartment buildings. The banking system was going through a period of formation, so money for an apartment was often given in cash, including in general in bills in a bag. Mortgage in its modern form appearedMortgage in Russia. Dossier in the late 90s. With the emergence of flexible mortgage programs and shared construction, your own apartment became an opportunity for any family with a stable monthly income, and not just for those who have managed to save everything money.

How can you buy an apartment now

Now it is easier to become an apartment owner than it has ever been in the history of Russian real estate. You do not need to belong to a noble family or an elite profession, curry favor to some rank, look for a shadow agent who will pull off a dubious deal. Apartments have become an opportunity to provide housing for families and children, as a way of earning money or investing.

Now about 10 million Russians are filming10 million Russians rent housing living space. As a rule, these are young people without children and those who often move from city to city. Most people either own their own apartment or plan to buy one. On average, it takes people in Russia to choose an apartment to buyResearch: the online path from searching to buying apartments in Russia 3.2 months. 92% of people start this journey by searching for information on the Internet and make 41 online requests on average.

There are several ways to become the owner of your own apartment.

Buy an apartment in a new building

New districts - an opportunity to choose a more spacious living space for less money. The earlier you buy an apartment from the start of construction, the less it will cost. If you invest in an apartment at the excavation stage, you can saveSmall tricks of big savings: how to buy an apartment for half the price up to 40% of its future price. New buildings have other advantages: modern layout, reliable sewerage and ventilation systems, smart yards with playgrounds and greenery, underground parking lots. Another plus is flexible mortgage programs that banks provide for new apartments.

Take part in the auction

Electronic auction is a tool for selling apartments. The word “auction” appears to be a room with people screaming and hammering, but now such auctions are being conducted online. In this way, as a rule, several types of real estate are sold. Firstly, municipal housing, which is owned by the city. Secondly, the property of companies that went bankrupt. Thirdly, mortgaged apartments of banks, whose owners cannot fulfill their loan obligations.

Usually, to participate in the auction, a deposit is made, for example, 100 thousand rubles, which is then either returned to you or goes towards paying for the property. You can save money at auctions, but there is one drawback - it is impossible to predict in advance the profitability of a deal, everything will depend on the participants and offers.

Choose a home on the secondary market

Now the secondary housing market is at its peak: in February 2020, they boughtWe invested rubles in an apartment 42% more apartments than in January. Experts predict that, due to currency instability, prices for secondary real estate mayWe invested rubles in an apartment grow by 20-30% by the end of this year. Therefore, everyone who wanted to buy a habitable apartment in the old fund is in a hurry to do so before prices rise. Secondary housing has its advantages: a populated area where nothing is being built, a developed infrastructure, sometimes - the ability to not make repairs in the apartment.