Psychological terms that we use wrong
A Life / / December 19, 2019
1. Empathy, sympathy and empathy
Due to the similar sounding "empathy" is often mixed with "sympathy" and knowing the English language can be identified with the word "compassion" (empathy and sympathy). Both approaches are wrong. Empathy - the ability to understand another person's feelings, it is not necessary it should be enjoyable. And empathy - the next step after empathy, saying that you are not just appreciated someone's emotions, but also were able to try them on.
2. Shame and guilt
Both unpleasant feelings arise in response to an error. But shame is typical for a person who committed an offense in front of witnesses, and is linked to public condemnation. It manifests itself in the form of negative evaluation self.
Guilt arises irrespective of whether or not someone has seen the error. This remorse associated with a negative assessment of his action.
3. Repression and an attempt to take
Two protective mechanism psyche easy to confuse, but to do so not worth it. Repression or suppression - is the removal of something unpleasant from consciousness. it manifests itself as an attempt to escape, to forget, although the process is somewhat more complicated in general, at the household level.
An attempt to take is to reorient the emotions of the object that caused it, on the other, because its true orientation is required for any reason to hide. For example, a person is angry with chiefBut shouts at family members.
4. Negative reinforcement and punishment
Many people think that it is almost synonymous, but the basis of the terms are exactly the opposite strategy. Punishment intended to limit the pleasant stimuli. For example, a child who does not put it in the room, not allowed to walk. And the result is unpredictable punishment: It is unknown whether or not it will work.
Negative reinforcement, opposite accompanies removal of disagreeable or irritating factor and motivates a person if similar conditions to do the same again. For example, the child was not allowed to walk, and he burst into tears. Parents began to feel sorry for him, and he overturned the sentence. In this way he gave the offspring negative reinforcement, and in the future, the child will repeatedly use crying to achieve their goals.
5. Depression and despondency
It is high time to ban mention depression vain: do not need so-called bad mood and fatigue. it serious illness, The causes of which may be the imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain, endocrine adjustment, brain damage, severe traumatic events, and so on.
A person with depression requires medical assistance. Instead, he often gets comments like, "But I've no time to get depressed, I have many things to do" and "to go somewhere, to develop." And the reasons for this - the use of the name of the disease with or without.
6. Sociopathy and social phobia
Social phobia is afraid of other people's society, its frightening conversations with strangers, public events. But he does not pose a danger to others.
Sociopath Society is not afraid, he despises him and all his actions it shows. He ignores the rules and moral norms. Communicate with him at least uncomfortable (he did not utter a grimace you unpleasant things), as a maximum - it is dangerous: a sociopath easily take advantage of you, in order to achieve their goals.
7. Serial killing and mass murder
A serial killer commits several crimes, but they are separated in time. New incident is preceded by "cooling period" when the killer is experiencing emotional decline because they do not get from their actions expected to meet.
Mass murder - the killing of large numbers of people in one or a few episodes, but almost at the same time.
8. Asocial and antisocial
Asocial person experiences indifference to society, he does not want to communicate with its members and goes through life alone. Antisocial individual knows well the laws of society and seeks to counteract them. Among the common will of antisocial behavior - a lie, a penchant for fighting and looting, arson and vandalism.
9. Depressive-mania
Since 1993, the disease is called more correctly - bipolar disorder. However, the former name still serves it bad service. Ignorant people are sick maniac depressive BAR that kind, although in fact delusional disorder has nothing to do with serial killers. Periods of depression in a patient with an alternate upbeat, cheerful state when he is ready to move mountains, it is called mania.
10. Prostration and Frustration
Prostration - a state of extreme fatigue, exhaustion, exhaustion, physical and mental strength. The reasons for this can be a serious illness, overwork, starvation. Frustration - anxiety and sorrow because he had not received the desired, especially if he was confident of success.
11. Procrastination and laziness
Both of these conditions are similar to those that a man lay still on then, wants nothing to do right now. Only procrastination accompanied by a feeling of anxiety because of the unfulfilled obligations, and lazy people do not really suffer from any pangs of conscience.
12. Psychosis and neurosis
These concepts in everyday life is called a strong emotion, fevered state, and in both cases this is not true. Psychosis - a disorder of perception of the real world with painful self-reflection, delusions, hallucinations and reactions, contrary to the situation. Neurosis - the collective name for neurotic disorders, which are characterized by obsessive or hysterical symptoms, a decrease in performance.
13. Schizophrenia and multiple personality disorder
These terms are not often confused inhabitants, problems may arise for those who like to dig a little deeper. The name "schizophrenia" comes from the Greek words for "to split mind," but that is not to say that the patient's multiple personalities. In fact, the behavior and thoughts of the schizophrenic are not joined with the environment around him, that is his personality split with reality, not with itself.