20 lessons of social psychology, which will be useful to everyone
Relations / / December 19, 2019
1. it is important for us to interact with people
Psychologists in the US found 20% of people who received Christmas cards from strangers, too, sent their congratulations. For the same reason the waiters get bigger tips if talk about recipes or give advice.
2. Man tends to appreciate what he directly owns
Studies have shown that willingness to sell less than with the desire to buy. Participants were urged to buy a glass for $ 5, but received his subjects refused to sell the cup for less than $ 10.
3. Because of the heat we become angrier, but because of the sadness morznem
When you are dissatisfied with something, it seems that the room is cold, and rather want hot meals, not cold. The crime rate is higher in tropical regions, and more crimes are committed in the warm days. This is because heat excites the nervous system, and people mistakenly attribute it to any life situation.
4. A smile is contagious and can tell a lot about you
In the cinema, people will laugh more, laugh when the people around him. More Location: Bowling man knocked the strike, and began to smile, but turned to his friends. This smile for social approval, not for pleasure, that did something successfully.
According to one study, students who showed Duchenne smiles (The most sincere smile, which will involve the muscles around the eyes and mouth) on the photos in the album, most were married and more likely to call themselves happy 30 years later. And students with less severe smiles divorced more often.
5. Waiting influence on decision-making
In one study, psychologists have phoned the participants and asked them if they would like to become volunteers hypothetically the American Cancer Society. When these same people phoned a few days later and asked the same question, 31% of respondents said yes, although for the first time agreed to only 4%.
6. We act differently when reminded about themselves
Before the distribution of the test subjects were told that men and women gain different amounts of points. After this performance the participants plummeted. And the results of the men fell after talking to an attractive woman. And the situation is different: when children go to the Halloween Party, they take a lot of sweets; but if the child goes out alone, and besides, he asked the name, it will take much less sweets.
7. Monitoring by the sometimes helps, but not at meal time
If after you watch runtime simple task - the results will go up, and if during the difficult tasks or necessary to obtain a new skill, then the results will be reduced. By the way, this feature is not unique to humans, but also cockroaches (!). The neighborhood is in the room with the other has another effect: if the room is working repairman (even in the corner), people start to work more slowly. In addition, people and animals eat more food if you take in someone's presence.
8. An effective way to make a person do something - to compare it with your friends
One power company tried to persuade people to take care of electricity at home. For this we have released posters with the words "Your neighbors have reduced the consumption of electricity." As a result, household energy use was reduced by 2%. Calls to "save energy - save money" and "conserve energy to save the environment" not only helped to reduce the use of electricity, but in some cases, on the contrary, have increased consumption.
9. perform an action context influences the action itself
During the vote 56% of those who voted in the school were for an increase in the school budget, while in other places this figure was 53%. Although this effect may not seem that important, it is statistically significant. A similar experiment was repeated in the laboratory (64% of the people who were shown photos of the school, voted to increase the budget).
10. The more you do something you recognize, the more you like it
This feature is called "recognition effect", and its appearance will be enough of a second. It is widely used in advertising. The more often you will see the announcement or advertisement, the more highly acclaimed company. Vivid pictures that cause both positive and negative emotions are just a few milliseconds, change your opinion about something on a subconscious level.
11. Flowing lines vs corners
People tend to prefer rounded visual objects than the objects with sharpened edges.
12. See that nothing happens to you when there are a lot of people
Witnesses less likely to prevent the crime or will help in an emergency, if there are other observers, because they think that will help to someone else and they will be able to avoid responsibility. If the victim is bleeding, people help even less, just because they are afraid of the sight of blood himself. But the victim, shouting that receive more aid than the one that is silent: a clear and unequivocal message about the dangers accept more people.
13. We all want to be happy, but too much happiness a negative impact on work
In a survey of more than 10 thousand people in 48 countries, it was found that happiness is more valuable than other personal prospects - find the meaning of life, to become rich or to go to heaven. Happy people are more likely to describe themselves as curious and depressive able to notice even slight changes in facial expressions interlocutor face. But still very happy people (9 out of 10 or 10 out of 10 points on a scale of measurement of happiness - there is such) poor I studied and obtained small salary, compared with moderately happy human (6, 7, 8 out of 10 scale).
14. We do silly things, to adapt
The study participants were sent to the group and asked to answer the seemingly simple question. Advance team had been instructed to say obviously wrong answer. As a result, 37 of 50 subjects were given the wrong answer, repeating it after the majority (even though it was obvious wrong), just because they wanted to please the members of the group or the thought that most of the better informed than they are. This effect is blunted when the group is present at least one person who agrees with the subject.
15. It is difficult to separate the appearance of the character
A positive or negative response to a person ( "he is a nice guy") affects our judgment on its appearance ( "he was appealing"). This phenomenon is called "halo effect". He was very noticeable on the famous example: their attractiveness and glory make us believe that they are smart, happy or good.
16. Not all types of rewards affect us equally
reward expectation reduces motivation. And an unexpected reward, on the contrary, increases it. Fixed Prize is less effective than the premium, the size of which varies depending on the quality of work.
17. Possession of power can significantly influence our emotions and behavior
IN ctenfordskom prison experiment Volunteers were divided into two groups - the "prisoners" and "guards" - and placed in a kind of prison. Six days later, the experiment was completed (although it was planned to spend two weeks). Participants got used to their roles, "guards" slighted and abused "prisoners" many "prisoners" there was a strong emotional disorder.
18. Power makes us docile and can get to do what we could not imagine
In a Milgram experiment participants were asked to provide the current level with increasing force, if the subject in the next room gave wrong answers to questions. The role of the victim carried assistant experimenter. Member feeds first weak discharge, but in the second part of his experiment were asked to press "Danger: high current," ignoring the request of the victim to stop the experiment. As a result, 63% of the test button is pressed with the maximum discharge, which, if it was not staged, could be fatal for the other person.
19. Self-control at an early age may indicate success in adult life
Another famous experiment - "marmalade test". The child is left in the room and on the table in front of him lay mermaids or cookies. And warned: it can eat marmalade (or cookies) now and then the experiment is considered ended. But if he will wait for the return of the experimenter, he will receive a reward two mermaids.
Children who can not wait and eat marmalade or just trying to eat it on the sly, in the future more likely to have problems at work, receive lower scores at university, have problems with attention in school and could hardly maintain friendly relations. It's a fact: a child who can wait 15 minutes, and you receive half pick up more points than the child who waited only 30 seconds.
20. People like round numbers
This list consists of 20 items instead of 19 for the same reason that many try to run a training session is not 1.9 km and 2 km. Addicted to a certain number of deeply embedded in human nature.