What is the genetic analysis and to whom it is needed
Educational Program Health / / December 19, 2019
DNA test is associated mainly with the establishment of paternity. Well, or the capture of criminals, inadvertently left a forensic its genetic material. In fact, the range of applications of genetic analysis is much wider.
What is the genetic analysis
To understand, let's start with the DNA. Deoxyribonucleic acid (sounds so full name) - a macromolecule with information about how, when and in what quantities will be produced proteins that a particular body is built. It looks like a double helix like a spiral staircase.
Genes - a DNA region in which encrypted data on specific hereditary characteristics. Roughly speaking, they recorded how much and what kind of protein will go to the creation of a trait. That's genes determine the height, shape of the ears and nose, skin color, eyes, hair and other external signsAnd predisposition to certain diseases and even personality traits caused by the brain structure.
It is believed that genetic analysis (DNA test) - a transcript of DNA of the individual. But it is a bit wrong. The main goal is not so much decoding as interpretation
Genetic Testing results. That is, your DNA is isolated, compared with the reference, and looking for deviations - mutations in certain genes.Mutations tell how your health is different (or will vary with age) from the reference, and also serve as an identifier of the person.
Such a combination of normal and mutated genes, as you have, no one else has in the world. It's like a fingerprint, but much steeper and more accurately.
Here is the theory. In practice, the genetic analysis to determine over 2000 parameters and conditions. But most of the analysis used in several casesGenetic Testing: How it is Used for Healthcare.
How to help a DNA test if you are sick or afraid to be ill
Selection of the most effective drugs
Such analysis is called pharmacogenetic testing. It allows you to identify which medication is best manifest itself in your DNA.
It may well be that commonly used drugs almost no effect on you, and rare, used in 5-10% of cases, will be a panacea. Or, suppose there is a very effective drug, but with serious side effects. In this case, genetic analysis will help determine how bright pobochka be expressed and you can be if you take the medicine.
Pharmacogenetic testing is already used in the treatment of some cancers.
Identifying the causes of existing illnesses
For example, you have a chronic disease, but doctors can not possibly determine its trigger, and therefore do not understand how to treat you. Genetic test makes it possible to search for causes of disease genes. If it turns out that it is really in the DNA, the doctor can confirm the diagnosis and correct treatment.
Prevention of diseases that have a predisposition
There are family diseases such as diabetes, coronary heart disease, many cancers. If among your relatives or distant relatives have at least a few people with similar manifestations of hereditary, genetic test you need.
It will help determine how large your risk of disease. If it is detected predisposition, you can with the help of a doctor to adjust lifestyle to the maximum delay or even prevent the onset of symptoms.
How will genetic analysis, if you are concerned about the future health of children
Testing for compatibility mom and dad genes before conception
Such a study is necessary if the family men or women have already been cases of hereditary diseases. The test helps to identify mutations of the genes and to predict how great the risk of congenital abnormalities in the child.
Prenatal diagnosis of suspected congenital pathology
The same test allows to specify the sex of the baby and ascertain paternity. Previously, a similar analysis done, taking a little bit of amniotic fluid or fetal tissue. He was dangerous, because it could provoke miscarriage. Today, DNA is isolated from the embryo learned the mother's blood.
Testing of IVF
It helps to find out whether an embryo carries the genes that can cause the unborn baby or another serious illness. In vitro fertilization is carried out only healthy embryos.
screening newborns
Done in one to two days after the birth to find out whether the baby congenital disorders, which can cause health problems and development. This is a mandatoryGenetic testing procedure in US hospitals.
How to help a DNA test, if you want to figure out their own origins and to find relatives
With the help of a DNA test can be refined so-called ancestral group - to find out what part of the world there was your race.
In addition, already existing genetic databases that specialize in commercial DNA analysis. You send their genetic material (usually we are talking about saliva) and in return get detailed information about the origin of your family.
Bonus, as a rule, are the contacts of people whose DNA profiles have a high similarity with yours. This means that such people can be your relatives - brothers and sisters in the nth knee. Communicate with them or not, it's up to you. The main thing that you will have such an opportunity.
What you need to do genetic analysis
Previously DNA test required a large amount of fresh genetic material - the blood or tissues. But now the procedure has been greatly simplified.
Scientists have learned how to allocateSaliva samples as a source of DNA for high throughput genotyping: an acceptable and sufficient means in improvement of risk estimation throughout mammographic diagnostics DNA, which is enough for a full test, even from the saliva. So often simply spit into the proposed geneticists box.
And, of course, you need money. The cost of commercial genetic testing in Russia will start from $ 200. But if the test is necessary for medical reasons, you can ask your doctor for a free areaRF Government Resolution dated December 19, 2016 N 1403 "On the Program of the state guarantees of free medical aid rendering to citizens for 2017 and the planning period of 2018 and 2019's" by MHI policy analysis.
see also🤕💊🧐
- 10 early symptoms of Parkinson's disease, which is dangerous to ignore
- Where does the hernia of the spine and what to do
- How to reduce the pressure: 6 quick ways that will work for sure
- 11 signs that you may happen cardiac arrest
- Chickenpox in children and adults: how not to get sick, and how to be treated