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Physiology of the central nervous system - course 9640 rub. from Open education, training 50 weeks, Date November 30, 2023.
Miscellaneous / / December 03, 2023
The course provides an understanding of the basic concepts of the physiology of the central nervous system (CNS), the achievements and practical significance of this area of biological science. The course includes information about modern methods of studying the central nervous system; information characterizing the structure and properties of the human and animal brain at various levels of organization (synaptic, cellular, neural networks, macrostructural). During the course, students will learn about the contribution of neurons, mediator systems, various areas and structures of the central nervous system to the implementation of physiological and psychological processes of various degree of complexity in normal conditions and in a number of disorders (vegetative and neuroendocrine regulation, organization of movements, pathological processes, formation of dependencies and etc.).
• general issues of central nervous system physiology (basic principles of electrical and synaptic activity of nerve cells);
• the functioning of the most important neurotransmitters, as well as the properties of compounds that change the state of neurotransmitter systems (introduction to psychopharmacology);
• activity of the main structures of the central nervous system (spinal cord, midbrain, hypothalamus, cerebral hemispheres, etc.);
• the work of key functional blocks of the central nervous system (memory, emotions, needs, decision making, etc.).
"We create and promote high-quality open education as a unique environment for lifelong learning and as an element of the higher education system in Russia and the world"
Currently, Moscow University is one of the leading centers of national education, science and culture. Raising the level of highly qualified personnel, searching for scientific truth, focusing on humanistic ideals of goodness, justice, freedom - this is what we see today as following the best university traditions Moscow State University is the largest classical university in the Russian Federation, a particularly valuable object of cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia. It trains students in 39 faculties in 128 areas and specialties, graduate students and doctoral students in 28 faculties in 18 branches of science and 168 scientific specialties, which cover almost the entire spectrum of modern university education. Currently, more than 40 thousand students, graduate students, doctoral students, as well as specialists in the advanced training system are studying at Moscow State University. In addition, about 10 thousand schoolchildren study at Moscow State University. Scientific work and teaching are carried out in museums, at educational and scientific practice bases, on expeditions, on research vessels, and in advanced training centers.
Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor
Position: Professor, Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Topic 1. Nerve cell. Circuits and networks of CNS neurons. Reflex arc. Brief description of the main parts of the central nervous system and their functions
Topic 2. Chemical composition of living organisms. Structure and diversity of proteins. Internal structure of neurons. Resting potential of nerve cells.
Topic 3. Nerve cell action potential, triggering threshold and phases. Properties of electrosensitive Na+ and K+ channels. Carrying out PD, the role of glial cells. Pacemakers; local anesthetics; electrical synapses.
Topic 4. Chemical synapse. Life cycle of a transmitter: synthesis, release into the synaptic cleft, interaction with receptors, inactivation. Postsynaptic potentials and AP triggering. Secondary intermediaries. Agonists and antagonists of mediators.
Topic 5. Acetylcholine (Acch), its synthesis. Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors, their antagonists. Neuromuscular synapse. The role of ACh in the ANS and CNS. Nicotine addiction. ACh-esterase and its blockers.
Topic 6. Norepinephrine (NE), its synthesis. Types of adrenergic receptors, their agonists and antagonists. Sympathetic effects of NE (regulation of internal organ functions). NE in the brain: the role of the locus coeruleus. NE, adrenaline and the stress response.
Topic 7. Glutamic acid and GABA are the main mediators of the central nervous system: synthesis, types of receptors, inactivation. Imbalance of amino acid mediators is the cause of many abnormalities in brain activity. Nootropics, tranquilizers, sleeping pills and antiepileptic drugs. ADHD.
Topic 8. Dopamine: synthesis, types of receptors. Substantia nigra; parkinsonism and its treatment. Schizophrenia and neuroleptics. Psychomotor stimulants. Serotonin: peripheral and central effects. 5-HT receptors, their diversity and functions. MAOIs and antidepressants.
Topic 9. Glycine and histamine are CNS mediators. Enkephalins and opioids. Substance P, other regulatory peptides. Adenosine and caffeine. Cannabinoids. Nerve growth factors (neurotrophins), stem cells of nervous tissue. Brain and alcohol.
Topic 10. Medulla oblongata and pons: respiratory and vasomotor centers; conducting gustatory, auditory and vestibular signals. Centers of sleep and wakefulness, stages of sleep. Midbrain and orientation reflex. Extrapyramidal tracts. Thermoregulatory function of the hypothalamus.
Topic 11. Hypothalamus and pituitary gland: neuroendocrine regulation. Liberins, statins, tropic hormones. The influence of hormones on the functions of the central nervous system. Hypothalamus and amygdala: biological needs. Centers of hunger, thirst, sexual and parental behavior, fear, aggression.
Topic 12. Reinforcement centers, nucleus accumbens. Cerebral cortex: learning mechanisms; hippocampus Amygdala, association frontal cortex, cingulate cortex: triggering and evaluating behavioral outcomes. Association parietal cortex: centers of speech and thinking.
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07/04/2021