Guide to the history of architecture - course 5100 rub. from Synchronization, training 22 hours, Date November 29, 2023.
Miscellaneous / / November 30, 2023
It is important to create something new, since architecture is the face of the current generation, a symbol of the current moment. Notre Dame Cathedral, the Bolshoi Theater, the Sagrada Familia - we see these buildings in textbooks and on postcards, but we cannot always explain why they became masterpieces of architecture. To do this, you need a theoretical basis, which you will receive in the course.
In 11 lessons we will trace the history of the development of architecture from ancient Greek temples to modern business centers. Let's understand the features of architectural styles and find out what stories the buildings around us tell.
Ancient Greece
The structure of the policy, the appearance of the order, the Parthenon
In Antiquity, a language developed that architecture has been using for more than two millennia. At the webinar we will find out why it is necessary to look for basic knowledge about this type of art from the Greeks and what were the features of architecture in the times of Homer, Socrates and Alexander the Great. Let's figure out how the Greek city policies were structured and why the Parthenon is a great building. Let's find out what Greek architecture borrowed from eastern traditions and how it reflected the eternal struggle between Chaos and Cosmos.
Ancient Rome
Invention of the arch and dome, architecture for citizens, the Colosseum and the Pantheon
Ancient Rome inherited the traditions of Greek architecture and rethought them: the approach to construction became even more streamlined. The Romans thought through the layout of buildings and cities, began to use concrete and build public and residential buildings. In the webinar we will learn how the Romans developed the Greek order system and what the Acropolis of Athens and the Roman Forum have in common. Let's see how the baths, theaters and villas in Pompeii were built, and we will understand why the Pantheon is the pinnacle of the development of Roman architecture.
Early Christianity, Byzantium
Catacombs, cross-domed churches, Hagia Sophia
With the advent of Christianity, ancient architecture began to adapt to new purposes. In the 5th century, the Roman Empire collapsed, and with it art was divided into Western and Eastern. However, both in Europe and in Byzantium it developed thanks to the church, which became the main customer for both architects and artists. In the webinar we will find out what happened when Roman Antiquity met the Christian faith. We will find out how the ideals of the spiritual and material were combined in Byzantine architecture and where in Europe to look for echoes of the architecture of the “Dark Ages”.
Middle Ages
Carolingian and Ottonian revival, Romanesque castles, Gothic cathedrals
The Middle Ages are associated with austere Romanesque castles. But in those same “dark” times, humanity also created Gothic architecture permeated with light. At the webinar we will analyze the main buildings of the era. We will find out what engineering breakthroughs and religious ideas underlie medieval architecture, why medieval buildings needed such thick walls, and what Gothic cathedrals were built in different European countries.
Renaissance
Brunelleschi and Bramante, Michelangelo and Palladio, palazzos and villas
The Renaissance became an era of universal geniuses: artists, architects and sculptors. They revived the ancient heritage and brought the desire for harmony to the absolute. At the webinar we will learn what the main masters of the Renaissance - Brunelleschi, Alberti and Bramante - brought to architecture. Let's find out why Antiquity was “remembered” only during the Renaissance and how the desire to place man at the center of the universe was expressed in church and secular architecture.
Baroque and classicism
Bernini and Borromini, Paris Salon, Versailles and Louvre
Baroque replaced the strict Renaissance and rebelled against its rationality. Baroque architects created optical illusion buildings, violated proportions and richly decorated facades and interiors. Almost in parallel with this, strict and laconic classicism began to develop in France. The rational facades of the buildings conveyed the idea of order and were the complete opposite of the “frivolous” Baroque. In the webinar we will find out how the two largest styles were born from Renaissance architecture. Let's figure out how the Baroque style created a new city and made architecture emotional. Let's find out why European monarchies liked classicism so much.
Rococo and neoclassicism
Age of Enlightenment, French and English parks, Capitol and Tsaritsyno
Rococo seems to be a simple continuation of Baroque, but in reality it is a much more interesting phenomenon. At the webinar we will learn how architecture moved from the scope of Baroque to the intimacy of Rococo and why this style almost did not take root in architecture, but was suitable for interior decoration. And then we will see how interest in Greek antiquity grew into neoclassicism - one of the most popular styles in terms of the number of buildings in Europe.
Architecture XIX
Empire style, romanticism, historicism and eclecticism
The eclecticism of the 19th century risked turning to the styles of the past, mixing them and adding new elements. This approach to architecture has become the most widespread and very entertaining: its quotes can be unraveled endlessly. Let's learn how to do this in the webinar. Let's find out where the idea of combining different styles came from and how to distinguish between neo-Greek, neo-Renaissance and neo-Baroque.
Modern
Antonio Gaudi and Fyodor Shekhtel, Vienna Secession, Abramtsevo circle
Modern is a controversial style. He used the latest achievements in architecture and at the same time turned to the heritage of the past. In the Vienna Secession it is strict and geometric, but in the Ryabushinsky mansion it is decorative and almost devoid of right angles. At the webinar, we will dive into the era of the turn of the century and understand the modern schools of different countries. Let's find out why buildings that are different from each other are classified as the same style and find out how metal and glass have opened up new sources of inspiration.
Vanguard
Bauhaus, Le Corbusier, constructivism
After the shocks of the First World War, architects began to imagine what the post-war future should look like. This is how the avant-garde appeared, which rejected established canons, abandoned decoration and became interested in modern technologies. At the webinar we will find out whether it is possible to make a building interesting without using decor. Let's learn to distinguish between the main avant-garde movements and learn how the avant-garde utopia failed, but influenced the design and architecture of the 20th and 21st centuries.
Modern architecture
Modernism and postmodernism, high-tech and bio-tech, Zaha Hadid and Norman Foster
After the avant-garde revolution, multidirectional processes began in architecture - from the development of a new language to attempts to return to the classics. And in the second half of the 20th century, architects redirected their attention to modernism: some criticized it, while others borrowed ideas from it. At the webinar we will learn how the finds of the avant-garde were interpreted in different countries and how the ideas of modernism developed in high-tech and bio-tech. Let's talk about American skyscrapers in the Art Deco style, about the totalitarian architecture of the Third Reich and understand modern architectural styles.