Pedagogy: basics of didactics - free course from 4brain, training 30 days, date November 29, 2023.
Miscellaneous / / November 30, 2023
Every person from the moment of his birth falls under the influence of the people around him: initially these are his parents and other relatives, then kindergarten teachers, school teachers and teachers in other educational institutions.
Initially, not yet possessing self-awareness and understanding of the surrounding reality, a person is a “blank slate” on which one can write anything. But it is precisely on what is written on this sheet that a person’s entire life in the future depends: his successes and failures, life activity or passivity, desire and craving for knowledge or reluctance to learn anything new at all, development and improvement or trampling on one place. This means that everyone who is somehow involved in the life of another during his formation must have knowledge in the field of upbringing, training and development. And if we omit the topic of education as such, then these functions are assigned, as a rule, to teachers and pedagogues. The science called “pedagogy” teaches exactly how to teach other people.
Pedagogical knowledge has been of great importance from the very beginning of human development. After all, in order to find an approach to students, be able to convey to them the essence of learning and receiving education, as well as competently and efficiently to teach any discipline and instill certain skills and abilities, you need to be able to teach, and this process can be bluntly called real art. In addition, it is distinguished by a huge number of its specific features and nuances.
Given the very importance of this issue for both those who teach and those who are trained, we have come to the understanding that we simply must devote one of the courses of our intellectual club of pedagogy, the introduction to which, in fact, you have the opportunity to read in this moment.
In the course “Pedagogy: Fundamentals of Didactics” we will talk about what pedagogy and didactics are, consider the fundamentals of pedagogy and didactics, general principles, patterns, goals and objectives of these disciplines. Taking into account the fact that the theory of pedagogy of John Amos Comenius was invaluable for the development of pedagogical science, we will consider it within the framework of his work “The Great Didactics”. In addition, the course will also examine the topic of the relationship between pedagogy and psychological science: important components of student psychology, psychological foundations of learning, as well as psychological principles effective learning. Naturally, we could not help but talk about traditional and modern teaching methods - you will learn about them and much more from the presented course of lessons. And at the end of the course, you will be offered additional materials to study - a list of the best books and textbooks on pedagogy and didactics.
What is pedagogy?
From the ancient Greek language the term “pedagogy” is translated as the art of education. At present, pedagogy is understood as the science of human upbringing and training.
If we give a more precise formulation, we can say that:
Pedagogy – is a social science that studies organized, systematic and purposeful activities to form a person’s personality; a science that studies the content, forms and methods of upbringing, teaching and education, as well as the process of transferring experience to a student by a teacher.
The formation of pedagogy as a science goes along with the development of humanity, because Pedagogical thought itself originated in the philosophy and theology of the Ancient World. However, pedagogy was isolated from the system of philosophical knowledge only at the beginning of the 17th century by Francis Bacon, an English philosopher. Later it was consolidated by the works of the Czech teacher Jan Komensky. At this point in time, pedagogy is a multidisciplinary science that functions and develops by interacting with other sciences.
Like any scientific field, pedagogy has its own subject, object, methodology and objectives:
The subject of pedagogy consists of a holistic pedagogical process of directed development and formation of a person’s personality, conditioned by his upbringing, training and education.
Pedagogical methodology is a system of knowledge about the structure and foundations of pedagogical theory, methods of searching for knowledge and the principles of the pedagogical approach, which reflect pedagogical reality, as well as a system of activities to obtain knowledge and justify the methods, logic, programs and quality of research activities.
The objectives of pedagogy as a scientific direction are as follows:
- Education of a person as a process of developing stable behavioral habits in him, for example, hard work, decency, honesty, etc. The purpose of education is not just knowledge of what, for example, honesty is, but precisely the habit of always being honest. The presented task can be called paramount
- Determination of the complex of natural abilities and their magnitude, as well as the interconnected needs of each person of an individual, which to the greatest extent determine his ability to learn in any direction
- Determination of the complex of social needs for education and training and their magnitude in a specific place at a specific point in time
- Formation of conditions and implementation of harmonious satisfaction of social and personal needs in training and education, taking into account the needs and abilities of both the student and the hierarchy of social groups
- It is obvious that pedagogy is a complex and versatile science, and studies a fairly wide range of areas of human life. But in our course we will not touch upon such topics as education or, for example, independent learning, because... to study them you can complete separate trainings on our website, and we will direct our main efforts to research specifically teaching - the transfer of knowledge from teacher to to the student.
Application of pedagogical knowledge
Using knowledge of a pedagogical nature is an extremely useful and effective skill for any person in general, not to mention teachers and educators. Possessing it, you can not only convey to another person what you know and can do yourself, but also better understand the psyche and individual personal characteristics of those around you and yourself, improve communication skills, strengthen your own experience, etc.
Those for whom teaching is a profession and a matter of life should study pedagogy in order to personally and grow professionally, perform your tasks most productively, improve the educational process of the institution in which you which they work. And if you look at this issue on a larger scale, then the more professional, high-quality teachers there are in our country, the more developed and the younger generation will be educated, there will be more specialists, children, adolescents and youth will be dominated by cognitive interest and a desire for knowledge, the desire for self-development and personal growth, the desire to benefit individuals and society as a whole, to make both oneself and those around them better world.
The application of pedagogical knowledge, if carried out regularly and systematically, will make even a graduate with no experience who has received a pedagogical specialty, a true professional in his field, a teacher with a high level of training, the necessary professional skills and qualities that command respect among colleagues and pupils. In addition, the advantages that pedagogical knowledge gives a person allow him to productively apply his skills and achieve success not only in the professional field of activity, but also in any other area of life, including family and personal relationship.
If you are studying to become a teacher, or even an experienced teacher, the material presented in our course will be useful to you - fill in gaps, answer some questions, improve skills, refresh your memory information. But it doesn’t matter whether you are a teacher or far from this profession, you always apply pedagogical knowledge in your life. When you communicate with friends and acquaintances, teach your children something, or initiate a new employee into specifics of his job responsibilities - in any such situation you are teaching, and it is very important to remember this. And if you have a desire to learn how to effectively raise your child, improve your personal qualities in order to become more successful in life and work, to push your personal boundaries in order to become an even more developed personality, teaching skills will only benefit you. And you can learn it without any problems, even without having an information base.
How to learn this?
A person does not have pedagogical knowledge and skills, as well as any others, at the time of his birth. Any data and skills appear in him as he grows up, along with the experience that he gains in the process of life. But, as you, of course, know, all people have genetically determined predispositions to something. Thus, some people have a predisposition to interact productively with others and pass on to them what they themselves know and can do. People in this category, from an early age, begin to learn as much as possible about the reality around them, and help others do this. Subsequently, they choose specialties related to pedagogy, successfully study and become teachers.
However, those who do not have such a predisposition cannot be discounted under any circumstances; they simply have to put in an order of magnitude more effort and diligence to succeed in their chosen field. It is important to simply understand that a person is able to study and master absolutely everything that interests him, including knowledge and skills in the field of pedagogical science. You can, of course, go to university and even get a second or third higher education, if the first one is not is relevant to this area, or you can independently study the presented area, which is why our well.
When studying pedagogy in our course (and in general), it is important to take into account two aspects - theoretical and practical:
The theoretical aspect of pedagogy is the theoretical material that, firstly, is taught in educational institutions, and secondly, on which our training is based - theory is its basis, and the training material is important not only to read, but also thoroughly learn
The practical aspect of pedagogy includes the application of the obtained theoretical material in practical activities, i.e. in work and life. Practice is the key to success in any business
Despite the importance of the practical part, many people master the theory, and they can do this so successfully that they simply cannot be found equal in knowledge, but it never comes to practice, which is the reason for the uselessness knowledge. But just as practice is impossible without theory (after all, there will simply be nothing to practice), theory without practice is also untenable (it remains simply something read and memorized). Both sides can be to blame for the refusal to practice: both the compilers of the material and those studying this material. In the first case, the theoretical foundations may be compiled in such a way that the reader simply does not understand how to apply them, and in the second, laziness, lack of interest and motivation may play a role. And if we cannot influence your motivation, interest and desire to study and work in any way, other than recommending that you study certain sections of our site, for example, this and this one, then when compiling the course we tried to do everything possible so that the theory did not seem too boring and difficult for assimilation.
In addition to a well-written theoretical basis, we tried to adapt the material as much as possible to practical use. It is only important to note that the sections of pedagogy are quite difficult to provide with examples and specific instructions, for which reason we tried to present the theory in such a way that it is already clear from it what needs to be done, what principles and patterns to take into account and what methods and techniques to use in your activities. But, of course, the training contains examples, specific recommendations and advice that complement the theoretical part.
Lessons on pedagogy
After a rather serious study on our part of sources of information on the topic of pedagogy, as well as after selecting the most important of them and adapting the resulting material for productive development and practical application, we have developed six lessons on pedagogy, from which you will learn about traditional ideas, modern trends, methods, principles, goals and objectives of pedagogical science and etc.
Let's present a short overview of each of the lessons.
Lesson 1. From great didactics to modern theories
Pedagogy is one of the most complex sciences, and it consists of several relatively independent areas. All of them study the pedagogical process from their own points of view and explore individual sectors of pedagogical reality. And first of all in pedagogy the discipline called didactics stands out. Didactics considers mainly the theoretical side of learning: its driving forces, logic, structure and functions. Didactics is one of the “oldest” areas in pedagogy and has now come a long way.
The first lesson is devoted to the consideration of didactics, its formation and transformation. You will get acquainted with the very concept of didactics, the personality of its creator - John Amos Comenius and his ideas regarding pedagogy. We will also talk about his division of human maturation into stages, the pedagogical system and didactic principles. The last sections are devoted to the transformation of Comenius' teachings and modern theories of education.
Lesson 2. Basic principles of didactics
The views of Jan Komensky became the basis of the entire modern education system, and when talking about pedagogy, it would be impermissible not to talk in detail about the didactic principles formulated by this person. In the first lesson they were touched upon only in general terms for familiarization, and in the second they are discussed in more detail.
This lesson will cover such principles as the principle of scientificity, the principle of accessibility, the principle of purposefulness, the principle of systematicity and consistency, the principle of clarity, the principle of connecting learning with life, the principle of consciousness and activity, the principle of strength and the principle of education and development. In conclusion, some main points of the main work of Jan Comenius “The Great Didactics” will be given.
Lesson 3. Psychology and pedagogy. Principles of Effective Learning
Pedagogical science passed its thorny path together with psychology, because in the pedagogical process - the process of interaction teacher and student cannot fail to take into account the psychological characteristics of both the personalities of the people participating in it and the teacher himself process. The continuous connection between pedagogy and psychology ultimately led to the emergence of a new scientific direction - educational psychology or psychological pedagogy.
The third lesson is even more interesting because... it talks about the connection between pedagogy and psychology and the psychology of education itself. We will also talk separately about the psychological foundations of learning and present to your attention ten principles effective training and development, which any teacher can apply in their own activities.
Lesson 4. Traditional teaching methods
No training is a priori possible without methodology, because it is realized precisely through them. And over many decades, the educational system has managed to develop and hone these methods to perfection. Currently they are called traditional, because... The pedagogical activities of educational institutions are built on them. And the effectiveness of traditional teaching methods has been tested in practice by thousands of teachers.
In the fourth lesson of our course we will look at teaching methods such as lecture, story, conversation, explanation, training discussion, work with a book, demonstration, exercises, peer teaching, laboratory, practical and independent work. In addition to a general description of these methods, some of their varieties and conditions for the greatest effectiveness in application will be considered.
Lesson 5. Modern teaching methods
Humanity does not stand still, and absolutely all areas of its activity are developing with it: technology, science, medicine, industry, economics and, of course, the educational system. The mentality, social foundations and norms, people’s views on life are changing, and with them their views on education. What was effective and relevant 10-15 years ago is no longer considered so today. If it remains so, then innovations appear in addition to it.
The fifth lesson continues the topic of teaching methods, but other methods are discussed in it - modern – methods that are just beginning to find their application in educational activities. From this lesson you will learn about seminars, trainings, modular and distance learning, value orientation, method case studies, coaching, role-playing and business games, creative groups, mythologies and a number of other modern methods training. In the process of reviewing these methods, their definitions will be given and the main advantages and disadvantages will be indicated.
Lesson 6. Pedagogical methods of influencing the personality of students and methods of assessing knowledge
Any teacher should be aware that the effectiveness of the pedagogical process depends not only on how well he understands what he teaches discipline and how well he knows how to teach others, but also on how exactly he interacts with students, or more precisely: what methods he uses to influence them. It is very important that the teacher is able to stimulate students to cognitive activity and in every possible way contribute to improving their performance.
In the final lesson of the training, we will talk about pedagogical methods of influencing the personality of students: persuasion, exercise and indoctrination, training and stimulation; Let us reveal their main characteristics and varieties. In addition, a separate section of the lesson is devoted to traditional and modern methods of assessing knowledge: observation, surveys, tests, ratings, testing and others. You will learn when these methods are most effective and what impact they have on students' personalities.