How is tubal ligation done and is it possible to get pregnant later

What is tubal ligation

DressingTubal ligation / U. S. National Library of Medicine Fallopian tubes is a surgical operation during which the gynecologist pinches or additionally cuts the fallopian tubes (oviducts) on the right and left sides. As a result, the egg cell loses its chances of getting into the uterus, and sperm cells will not be able to move through these channels.

Tubal ligation is sometimes called female sterilization and is used as a reliable method of contraception: the patient becomes sterile.

In addition, the operation reducesTubal ligation / U. S. National Library of Medicine risk of development ovarian cancer.

Who can have tubal ligation?

In lawFederal Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation", No. 323-FZ | ST. 57 the strict conditions for the operation are indicated:

• Voluntary consent.
• Age over 35.
• Having two children if the woman is less than 35 years old.
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• Court decision on the application of the guardian, if the patient is incapacitated.
• Medical indications. These includeAppendix to the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation of March 18, 2009 No. No. 121n various serious diseases of the cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous, hematopoietic systems, respiratory organs, digestion or vision, mental disorders, cancer and some forms of tuberculosis. Their combination with pregnancy can greatly worsen a woman's condition.

Why is tubal ligation dangerous?

As with any other operation, there may beTubal ligation / Mayo Clinic complications. Though they do happenFemale Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) / Center for Young Women’s Health and rarely, you should know about them:

• Reaction to anesthesia. For example, an allergy or a side effect of anesthesia medication may occur.
• Accidental damage to the intestines, bladder or blood vessels during the work of the surgeon.
• Infection of a postoperative wound, its long healing, the occurrence of keloid scars.
• Pain in the abdomen or pelvis after recovery. It can occur due to adhesions or blood flow disturbance due to surgery.
• PipeFemale Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) / Center for Young Women’s Health pregnancy is the most common type ectopic pregnancy. ArisesEctopic pregnancy / Mayo Clinicwhen a fertilized egg is attached to the fallopian tube, where there are no conditions for the normal development of the fetus. This can rupture the organ and cause life-threatening bleeding.

How to prepare for tubal ligation

If a woman smokes, it is better to leaveB. Al-Nasser. Influence of Tobacco Smoking on Perioperative Risk of Venous Thromboembolism / Turkish journal of anesthesiology and reanimation this habit at least 4-8 weeks before surgery, so as not to increase the risk thrombosis and other complications.

The dressing should not be performed during pregnancy, therefore, only reliable methods should be used during the month before the procedure. contraception. For example, taking combined oral medications or protecting yourself with condoms. In any case, you need to pass before the operationTubal ligation / Mayo Clinic pregnancy test.

At the preparation stage, you must tell the gynecologist what medications you are taking. Perhaps a specialist will adviseTubal ligation / U. S. National Library of Medicine reduce the dose or stop using over-the-counter pain relievers and anticoagulants to avoid heavy bleeding during surgery.

8 hours before the procedure, you cannotTubal ligation / U. S. National Library of Medicine eat and drink. After all, anesthesia is usually used for pain relief, and it can cause vomiting. Since the person is unconscious at this time and does not control the process, the contents of the stomach enter the lungs. And this is fraught with aspiration bronchiolitis, which is difficult to treat.

How is tubal ligation done?

The operation is performed at any time of the cycle. Often chooseTubal ligation / Mayo Clinic the first days after childbirth, when the uterus is enlarged and locatedTubal Sterilization Treatment & Management / Medscape closer to the navel, which becomes a reference point for the surgeon. As a result, it is easier for the doctor to reach the fallopian tubes. In other cases, access to the uterus and its appendages is more difficult because it is located behind the pubic bone.

Tubal ligation can be done in several ways.Female Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) / Center for Young Women’s Health:

• Cut the canals and cauterize their ends with an electric shock or sew up with surgical thread.
• Fold the fallopian tube in a loop and thread it into the silicone ring or secure with a clip.
• Place a spring clip across the fallopian tube.

In this case, one of the three main options for intervention is used.

Laparoscopy

The operation usually takes about 30 minutes. The woman is immersed in anesthesia or spinal anesthesia is given. Several small incisions are made in the abdomen, tubes with a surgical instrument and a video camera are inserted there. Also, the abdominal cavity can be pumped upTubal ligation / U. S. National Library of Medicine gas to expand the organs and make it easier to find the uterus and appendages. The surgeon will then ligate the fallopian tubes using one of the above methods.

Mini-laparotomy

This operation is performed on women duringTubal Sterilization Treatment & Management / Medscape 48 hours after childbirth.

Under local anesthesia or anesthesia, a 2–5 cm incision is made under the navel. Through it, the fallopian tubes are taken out in turn and tied or cut them, the ends are sewn up, sometimes clamps are applied. Then the organs are placed back into the abdominal cavity, the wound is closed, and the woman is transferred to the ward under the supervision of the medical staff.

Hysteroscopy

Usually, such an intervention is carried out under local anesthesia, and after 24 hours the patient can already return to her usual life.

For this wayTubal Sterilization Treatment & Management / Medscape sterilization does not need to cut the belly. A hysteroscope is inserted into the uterine cavity - a flexible tube with a video camera at the end and a surgical instrument. The device is pushed to the fallopian tubes and cauterized from the inside. After that, the device is removed and the operation is considered completed.

How is recovery after tubal ligation going?

Regardless of the method of surgery, the first day after it, the woman remains in the hospital under the supervision of a doctor.

May be disturbed for 2-4 daysTubal ligation - discharge / U. S. National Library of Medicine unpleasant symptoms that are considered the norm:

• Shoulder pain and bloating due to gas pumped into the abdominal cavity.
• Sore throat.
• Discharge or bleeding from the vagina.
• DizzinessFemale Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) / Center for Young Women’s Health.
• Convulsions.

If these symptoms persistTubal ligation / Mayo Clinic longer or the wound is inflamed and smells bad, blood and pus flows from it, the temperature rises above 38 ° C, increases abdominal pain, you need to contact your gynecologist observing you. Also, the help of a specialist is needed if nausea, shortness of breath or weakness are worried.

Doctors recommendTubal ligation - discharge / U. S. National Library of Medicine in the first few days, do not lift anything heavier than 5 kilograms. You can return to work related to manual labor no earlier than after 3 weeks.

Until the skin at the incision site has healed, do not take a bath or swim. It is necessary to carefully monitor the cleanliness of the wound and make dressings.

There are no dietary restrictions.

A woman canTubal ligation - discharge / U. S. National Library of Medicine again have sex when she feels ready.

Is it possible to get pregnant after tubal ligation

Unplanned conception during the first year after surgery happensTubal ligation / Mayo Clinic less than 1% of women. But sterilization does not protect against genital infections, so doctors recommendFemale Sterilization (Tubal Ligation) / Center for Young Women’s Health use condoms during sex.

Those who, after such an operation, still want to get pregnant, undergo ECO. To do this, eggs are taken from the ovaries, fertilized in the laboratory and placed directly into the uterus.

An operation to restore the patency of the fallopian tubes is also possible. However, it is effectiveTubal ligation reversal / U. S. National Library of Medicine in about half of the cases, and not everyone eventually succeeds in conceiving.