10 words that disappeared from which only antonyms remain
Miscellaneous / / September 02, 2021
Doug, goyay, klyuzhiy and other independent parts of speech that are no longer in Russian.
In the Russian language there are words that are not used without "not". But once they just appeared by attaching "not" to completely independent words, which today are already outdated and not used.
1. Lzya
Now this word is found only as a joke, but before it was common. This is the dative form of the noun "lga", which meant "freedom." His relatives are well known to us: "benefit", "benefit", "easy" and, of course, "no", educatedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language by adding "not" and "lzya".
2. Stupid
“What a beauty! Whisper! " - Tsar Ivan the Terrible admires in a comedy Leonid Gaidai "Ivan Vasilievich is changing his profession." Perhaps, it is thanks to the bright hero that many people know the noun "lepota" from childhood. Its meaning is “beauty, splendor”, and the word “stucco”, which was widespread earlier, meant “beautiful”. The root here is the same as in the verb "to sculpt".
Now the adjective "stucco" is a thing of the past, but the educatedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language from him "absurd" is still actively used. Although it has slightly changed its original meaning. Now it is no longer "ugly", but "meaningless, devoid of reasonable grounds" and also "awkward, awkward."
3. Clyuzhny
By the way, the story of the adjective “awkward” is very similar to the situation with the adjective “ridiculous”. The outdated word "klyuzhiy" comes from "klyud" - "order, beauty". Accordingly, "klyuzhny" is "handsome, stately". From him was once formedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language "Awkward" and later - "clumsy".
4. Adult
This is another now deceased synonym for "beautiful". Is happeningN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language it is from the obsolete "pupil" ("pupil"). Compare with the expression "prominent person": the semantics of vision here is associated with good looks. Now, of course, we do not call anyone "gross", but the "nondescript" formed from him is more alive than all living things.
5. Doug
Until now, many are familiar with the adjective "hefty". But the word from which it originated is not used today. "Doug" used to mean "strength, health", and from him is also formedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language the noun "affliction."
6. Ryakha
And it's not about the face, although this meaning is certainly preserved in modern dictionaries.Great Dictionary of Russian language. Ch. ed. WITH. A. Kuznetsov / Reference and information portal GRAMOTA.RU. The word "ryakha" is formedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language from the verb “dress up” with the suffix -x- (a similar situation with the word “spinner”), its original meaning is “neatly dressed”. Over time, we lost "Ryahu" in this sense, but its antonym - "slob" - still lives on.
7. Uryaditsa
This word once meantN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language "Order". Now his memory has remained in the noun "disorder", which has two meanings: "disorder" and "quarrel".
8. Godyay
This is the old participle form of the verb "fit." In modern Russian, the form "suitable" is used, and from the disappeared version, once upon a time it happenedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language the word "villain". Initially, this was the name of a person not fit for military service.
9. Mean
This word once meant "intentionally." It has the same root as in the words "hour", "aspiration", "tea" (but not a drink, but the introductory word - "tea, see you"). Now we no longer use "start", but the educatedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language from him "by chance" is very popular.
10. Cheerful
Many people are familiar with the verb "to please". This is a "relative" of the disappeared word "glad", which meant "diligence, diligence, work." From him and formedN. M. Shansky, T. A. Bobrov. School etymological dictionary of the Russian language the adjective "cheerful", that is, "diligent, diligent." Its antonym - "careless" - has slightly changed its meaning and is still alive.
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