10 most famous internet illusions and their exposure

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This optical illusion is called the Troxler effect - it was describedIdentifying Troxler back in 1804. An illusion arises because our brain removes immovable objects from the image from the retina - thus we do not notice capillaries in our eye, corneal scratches, and lens defects and vitreous. It also helps us to ignore our nose.

Usually, a person's eyes are fixed on objects for 0.2-0.6 seconds, after which they make a reflex movementJaval, É (1878). "Essai sur la physiologie de la lecture". Annales d'Oculistique (in French) There and back again. This is necessary so as not to lose sight of the object. But when you suppress the urge to shift your gaze and stare at the blurry image, the brain begins to "cut" it, considering it unimportant.

By the way, the Troxler effect works

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But in fact, the dress is blue with black stripes - that's it on the manufacturer's website.

Neuroscientists Bevil Conway and Jay Natz ExplainViewpoint: Blue and black or white and gold? dress phenomenon so. People have the ability to chromatically adapt - thanks to it, we perceive colors in about the same way at different times of the day. That is, a red strawberry, for example, seems to us red in the morning, afternoon, and evening, because our brain is used to seeing it like that, even if the lighting changes color.

This ability plays a cruel joke with us in the case of the dress, since the colors in the photo are not rendered correctly. Bevil Conway suggestsThe Science of Why No One Agrees on the Color of This Dress, The Science Behind the Dressthat people who lead a daytime lifestyle tend to see the dress in white, and people who are prone to nightlife tend to see blue. Everyone subconsciously chooses the colors that he sees most often.

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If you take a lookThis wavy floor is actually a mind ‑ boggling optical illusion that stops people from running in the hallway on the "dent" from any point of view, without being at the same time opposite the door, it will disappear.

Correct, here is the view back the other way @casaceramicapic.twitter.com/c6LaVIw1sW

- Duncan Cook (@ DuncanCook10) September 22, 2017

The thing is that the manufacturers of finishing materials from Casa Ceramica have prepared tiles in a special way, so that the shape of its individual fragments creates a "crater" effect. This floor is in a Casa Ceramica showroom in Manchester, and it was made to make people move more slowly and carefully down the hallways.

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After careful researchThe cat is definitely going down the stairs - here’s how you can tell Business Insider concluded that the cat is still coming down. This is indicated by the protruding sills of the steps. In addition, the cat's pose - the tail is held for balance, the gaze is directed to the steps - confirms that it is moving down, not up.

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If you take a closer look at the photo, you will easily understand that the man's shorts are black on the sides and white in the middle. They merge with the white trousers that the woman wore.

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And in vain. The tiles are of the same color, as you can see by looking at this picture.

Or open it in Photoshop or any other editor and compare the color swatches taken with the Eyedropper tool.

The tile next to the cylinder appears darker to us because our brain compares the color of the object to the colors around it. Square A is surrounded by lighter squares, which makes it darker, and square B looks lighter against the background of dark cells.

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In fact, the sneaker is pink. One Twitter user "normalized»The colors in this low-light photo and the shoes have a natural look. The hand, by the way, also began to look normal, not bluish.

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Take a look at this video and you will see that the parts are the same. This optical illusion is calledJastrow illusion "Yastrov effect", in honor of the American psychologist.

My toddler's train track is freaking me out right now. What is going on here?! pic.twitter.com/9o8bVWF5KO

- Marc Blank ‑ Settle (@MarcSettle) April 6, 2016

Back in the 19th century, he discovered that two identical curved shapes would visually differ in size when aligned along the edge. Unfortunately, it is still unclear why our brains force us to see shapes this way.

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This illusion was first published by Jacques Ninio and Kent A. Stevens in 2000 in the academic journal Perception. She gained considerable popularity when the professor psychology Akioshi Kitaoka of Ritsumeikan University in Kyoto shared it on Facebook.

The illusion is a variation on the famous Hermann's grid, created by the German physiologist Ludimar Hermann in 1870. As a result of the imperfection of our retina, we see gray spots at the intersections of white lines where they are not. And on the grid from Ninio and Stevens, on the contrary, points are not visible that are in the field of peripheral vision.

The reason is that we do not have very good peripheralVariations on the Hermann grid: an extinction illusionvision. Therefore, the brain thinks out those fragments that we do not pay direct attention to. We see one black dot, while the rest are out of focus. The brain does not attach importance to them and simply does not render them.

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Watch the video to the end, and you will see that the head of the tyrannosaurus is not convex - it is drawn on a piece of cardboard bent inward. Because of this, and also because one eye is larger than the other, your brain createsAnother Brain-Melting Illusion: The Dragon That Follows Your Gaze the illusion that his muzzle has volume. An illusion with a "floating" cube in front of a piece of paper has a similar principle of action.

This is called the "empty face illusion". According to the neuropsychologistThe intelligent eye Richard Gregory, any faces and muzzles of animals seem to us convex, because in reality we do not encounter creatures with concave heads.

If you want you can cut your own tyrannosaurus and amuse your friends and acquaintances. Here products webpage such toys, where you can find many 2D models for printing.