How to save money, taking into account the personal inflation
Get Rich The Financial Environment / / December 20, 2019
What is the official inflation rate, and why we do not believe in it
Inflation - is the steady rise in prices for food, gasoline, clothing and other goods and services. Due to price increases the money worthless, and over time we can buy less for the same amount: 100 rubles in 2018, you can buy less than the same 100 rubles in 2017.
inflation counts Rosstat, and every year it is different. In 2016 it was 5.4% in 2017 - record low 2.5%, in August of 2018 - 3.1%.
Why do we think that prices rise more than 3-4% per year? So it turns out because the data of Rosstat - this is the official average inflation in the country. Rosstat said its consumer basket - a set of more than 700 goods and services of the average Russian. And, of course, inflation is different from region to region.
If your consumer basket does not coincide with the official, and the inflation you will have another. And the more you are different from the average Russian, the greater the deviation of inflation from the official personal.
That's all it would be very boring if it were not for one thing: inflation eats your money. If personal inflation above the official, the salary and savings depreciate faster than others. At the same time, inflation can overtake, if properly manage money.
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How to calculate personal inflation
On the basis of the personal inflation can decide how to save and where to invest money. But be prepared: it will take time, patience and perseverance.
1. Make a list of expenses for the month
To calculate the inflation rate, you must know your consumer basket and its value now and a year ago. Make a complete list of expenses for the month - it is your consumer basket. Write down everything you buy and fix prices for goods. The basket includes not only products, but also clothes, shoes, for a flat fee and a communal, tickets to the cinema and theater, order pizza, gasoline, metro ticket, medication reception at the doctor.
For convenience, break all the expenses into categories: food, clothing and footwear, household goods, car, housing, holiday, entertainment, medicine, personal care, educational courses. So you do not get lost in the records and be able to calculate the inflation rate for each category separately.
2. Keep a list on a monthly basis
It is desirable to record a few months (even better - a year, but we do not insist). It is necessary to know how your basket varies depending on the season. For example, you spend less on summer fruits and vegetables, but more on vacation. In the autumn collect their children to school in the winter buy all the gifts on New Year's Eve.
3. Calculate inflation
Inflation - is the ratio of the new prices to the old one and the same food basket. To properly calculate the inflation rate, you need to compare prices for similar products from the same manufacturer. You can not compare the purchase of T-shirts from H & M T-shirt with the purchase of Zara, as well as the cost of tickets at the "Victory" and "Aeroflot".
Therefore, when you consider inflation, take a set of products that are bought in this month, and remember how much they were worth before. To help - archive directories of supermarkets on the internet last year platozhki utilities, mobile apps banks, taxis and food order, who remember your expenses. And if you start to monitor the prices now and write down all your expenses, you will be able to accurately calculate personal inflation next year.
1. Sum up the cost of food in the current month (Σ PTM)
TMP = Σ price of corn bread + × number × meat price of meat and t. D.
Suppose left 15,000 rubles.
2. We consider how much would you pay for the same products in the last year in the same month (Σ PPG)
To do this, take into account the goods out of the basket of the month, and prices for them - last year. It turned out, for example, 13 800 rubles.
3. We believe inflation
(PRI - the price of products growth index): IRP = (Σ PTM PPG ÷ Σ - 1) × 100.
PRI = (15 000 ÷ 13 800 - 1) × 100 = 8.69%. This is your inflation food basket.
Similarly, we can learn inflation in other categories. If some costs have not changed (haircut, manicure, the reception at the doctor) - then inflation will be 0%. It happens that the products become cheaper, then instead of inflation is deflation, for example 5%.
The more in your consumer basket of goods whose prices are subject to change, the more personal inflation rate will be different from the official one. Most susceptible to inflation and imported agricultural products, the least - essential goods.
How to handle your money, taking into account the personal inflation
It is clear that the money is better to save money - for a rainy day, payment on the mortgage, future pension or children's education. However, you can not just put the money in my grandmother's casket, or keep on the card. Even taking into account the official inflation they become cheaper. Use bank deposits and cards interest on the balance. So money is at least as worthless.
Let's say you have opened 100 000 contribution to the bank at 6% per annum. During the year they turn 106 000, but adjusted for inflation to buy them will be less. If inflation is 2.5%, then 106 thousand rubles in 2018 equal to 103 350 rubles in 2017. So, your income is not 6%, but only 3.5%.
Income without taking into account inflation, called nominal. Taking into account inflation - real.
Your personal inflation - 7%. You put 100 thousand rubles in the bank at 6% per annum. Your rate of return for the year: 6% - 7% inflation = -1%. It turns out 100,000 rubles per year have fallen in price, although steel 106 000 rubles. Roughly speaking, taking into account the personal inflation rate of 100 000 rubles in 2017 turned into a 98 580 rubles in 2018.
Important: if interest on the deposit does not allow to offset the losses from inflation, you can invest in other financial instruments. But we must remember that the only bank deposits are insured by the state (to 1.4 million). And the higher the potential return, the higher the risk of loss.
Securities - is, for example, stocks and bonds. They can be bought on the stock exchange and receive passive income. The yield securities are generally higher than the return on bank deposit, but to say exactly how much you earn, you can not.
For example, the yield on shares of AppleApple shares "Tinkoff investment". six months - 22.91%, LukoilLUKOIL shares in the "Tinkoff investment". - 19.92%, NovatekThe Company's shares at "Tinkoff investment". — 60,66%. Even taking into account inflation, invested in stocks can be profitable. But the prices are constantly fluctuating, so such investments only make sense in the long run.
Be prepared for the fact that investments in securities require careful attention, some knowledge or willingness to spend time on training. In order to make investments in securities even more profitable, you can use individual investment score (MIS). If you open such an account and make transactions with securities through it, you can get an extra bonus from the state as a tax deduction.
Deductions are of two types:
- 13% of the invested amount. The maximum amount for which you can get a deduction - 400 000 rubles. For example, if you put in the IMS 400 thousand rubles, or in the next year can be returned to 13% of that amount - 52 000 rubles.
- Income securities are not subject to income tax of 13%. This deduction is for more advanced users and for those who do not have official income from which tax is paid.
But it is important to bear in mind that to cash out from IIS, you can only after three years, otherwise the benefits will not act.
3. Invest in yourself
If your personal inflation rate higher than the official and you do not know how to dispose of free money, then invest them in yourself. In their education, health, inspiration. The money will pay off: get a raise at work, you will feel better and less sick, find purpose and become more productive.
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