How do you know whether to give the child to kindergarten
A Life / / December 19, 2019
More and more parents prefer alternative forms of pre-school education. Layfhaker researched the history of kindergartens and found that in the agony of choice between forms of education overlooked important problem.
When and why were first kindergartens
The first prototype of such an institution was established back in 1802 in Scotland. Founder of kindergartens, as we are accustomed to see them, it is believed German educator Friedrich Fröbel. He came up, and the term "kindergarten» - kindergarten.
His first kindergarten opened FrobelHistory of kindergarten in 1837. The first similar in functionality institution in Russia began to take kids in 1859. A garden for children Frobel system in Russia was established in 1862 thanks to Lyugebil Sophia, the wife of the famous writer Charles Lyugebilya.
Kindergarten is no accident appeared in the middle of the XIX century. Baby they had to ensure the harmonious development and the mother - a full participation in society. However, in practice, a partial exemption of women from maternal duties used for female labor.
The work itself was subordinated kindergartens is not development and socialization of children, education and the right to a state. strict discipline, Separation of children according to age, learning specific skills, sometimes corporal punishment - the main principles of operation of the first such institutions. In some countries, they have not changed so far, so the opponents camp this institution grows.
What are the pluses and minuses of kindergartens mark their opponents and supporters
Cons kindergartens
1. Accustomed to the regimen and discipline, that children do not need
Discipline opponents kindergarten understood as coercion to comply with outdated rules, which have been useful during the work of children in factories.
2. They do not help to socialize and teach teamwork
Proponents of non-kindergartens believe that the game - it is volunteer to baby. And in the garden games and activities are mandatory, also often involve fights, quarrels and conflicts.
3. Children do not develop
Adherents of alternative education believe that a group of 20-30 people it is impossible to give due attention to everyone.
4. Cause stress in a child
The kid gets into a new environment, usually at an early age, which has a bad effect on his psychological development.
Pros kindergartens
1. Allow parents to earn more
Often parents simply can not afford alternative to Sadiku for financial reasons. The family provides the child with everything you need, just when my mother and work, and the pope.
2. Help establish boundaries
When parents spend with the kids all the time, the maturation takes place painfully. delayed separationLjudmila Petranovskaya about pending separation and excessive careWhat is giperprotektsiya Children - a consequence of the lack of boundaries between the life of the child and the parents.
3. develop independently
Federal Institute of Education Development recommendsRecommendation of the Federal Institute of Education Development involve self-employment of children between the ages of three years. Kindergarten this helps.
4. Give moms and dads the opportunity for self-realization
And it is not only about trade, but also in the leisure time and recreation. The opportunity to spend time without the baby reduces the risk of parent burnout.
What scientists say about the benefits and dangers of kindergartens
Opinions differ. results of the studyPreschools reduce early academic-achievement gaps: a longitudinal twin approachConducted in 2012 by Dr. Psychology Elliott Tucker-fraction from the University of Texas, say the positive influence of the gardens on the mental development of children. Psychologist examined 600 pairs of twins. The scientist tested the children of two years and five years, he studied the socio-economic status of their families, and figured out how to impact on the mental development of children visiting the kindergarten.
The report states that a bad home environment affects the mental ability of children who did not attend the gardens, far more than the kids who went to these institutions. In other words, the situation at home becomes unfavorable for the child is much less of a problem if it goes to the garden. If the family is very poor, even visiting the poor garden is better than a permanent stay at home.
Other scientists sayLong-term benefits of full-day kindergarten: a longitudinal population-based study that as early as the third grade school all the benefits of academic knowledge of children who went to nursery school disappear. Favorable social effect is also not established.
Among experts there is no consensus even on how much should be in kindergarten if the child has to go. Some studies sayDelaying kindergarten until age 7 offers key benefits to kids - studyThat if the baby remains in the establishment of up to seven years, it is well affect his school performance. Others, on the contrary, advocateDelay Kindergarten at Your Child's Peril Early completion of the garden.
What are the alternatives to conventional kindergarten
The education system is developing and gaining popularity today, alternative methods of education of preschool children. Here are some of them.
home education
A child from the first days of life growing in a comfortable conditions for themselves, subject to favorable treatment, without stress and overload. Therefore, many parents are hesitant to change the existing system and leave the kids at home until the school. Qualitative studies that talked about the benefits or harm of home education, yet.
Children's clubs
The format of education, which has gained popularity throughout the world, including our country. In this club leave their children for a few hours under the supervision of professional educators. As long as the kid is playing and learns the world, parents will receive a welcome respite. Children's clubs are especially popular in regions where they have become an alternative to more expensive services of nurses.
Family kindergartens
The alternative to government agencies, which appeared in the Nordic countries. In particular, family gardens are popular in Finland. There, municipalities are allowed mothers to educate other people's children at home, and their number is limited to four. Under this option creates home furnishings, children adapt more easily and later the teacher called her aunt, or even a second mother. Parents pay for a visit to the garden to municipalities and authorities buy toys, equip playgrounds and pay salaries to teachers. In Russia, the program to create such gardens was launched20 private children's gardens in Moscow in 2007 in Moscow.
Grandmothers and grandfathers
Accurate statistics on how many children in Russia and other countries are raising grandparents, no. For someone such training format is absolutely normal and is the default. And someone on the contrary, and close relatives does not admit to their children. scientists insistA systematic review of grandparents' influence on grandchildren's cancer risk factorsThat grandparents harm the health of the younger generation: sweet pet, allowed to sit back and even increase the risk of cancer when smoking with children. But on themselves elderly people caring for grandchildren has beneficial effects - prolongs lifeCaring For Grandchildren Comes With Huge Health Benefits, Yet Another Study Finds an average of five years!
How to change kindergartens
Changes also occur in the kindergarten themselves. For example, in the US now pay great attention to academic education, early acquaintanceThere are many benefits to starting science education early - very early children with science. There are even non-governmental organizationsKindergarten Science Activities and Experiments which help to adapt to kindergarten. In Finland, the first place of the game. Sedentary activities there just is not what is written in a special program of preschool education. As a result - Finnish students consistently ranks in the top 10 on the basis of international educational tests PISAThe Programme for International Student Assessment.
And in Sweden opened a gender neutral gardens where children are not referred to as "he" or "she", and appeal to all kids in the neuter. Toys there is not divided by color "for boys" and "girls", and all the classes are held only by working together.
In Russia, too openOn Yamal has opened an innovative kindergarten innovative kindergartens: a theater, a library and speleological.
Is it important form of education
While parents think, what choice to make in an environment of constant change, there is a more important issue.
Standards for early childhood education around the world require academic knowledge, because officials know that without them, the state has no chance of economic success. Therefore, the burden of creative development, especially with children games, falls on the parents, no matter what the format of education they have chosen.
Children less and less play in the sandbox and all work more on tests and assignments. Even when kids are playing themselves, the process goes through the scenarios of cartoons and video games. Surely you have seen as a child did not know what to do to him if he took all the gadgets and turn off the TV. experts sayChildren's games in the contemporary socio-cultural space of Russia about the present crisis of game culture and slowing mental development of children.
It seems that at home bringing up the baby and parents will be days on end to play and develop together. Indeed, today's parents spend on averageEducational Gradients in Parents 'Child-Care Time Across Countries, 1965-2012: Educational Gradients in Parents' Child-Care Time children twice as much time than 50 years ago. But the quality of that time it is too early to judge.
In 2010 he published a medical reportMiddle class children suffering rickets, Which refers to the increased incidence of rickets, for the first time in decades. Among the reasons - lack of sun and vitamin D because of the large amount of time within the walls of the house that kids spend on the electronic devices. In Russia, for example, 17 percent of children under three years of use smartphones, and the children from four to seven years of watchingAs children in Russia consume media: TV, YouTube-channel, mobile applications TV two hours each day.
Meanwhile, the game is not in the virtual and the real world - the most important condition for the development of the baby. Scientists have created a theory in which there is a place and comparedAs the game affects our lives with animals (animals that play, it is better adapted to life), and treated with the game (inventedPsychoanalytic play therapy Freud), and communication games with an IQ level (talking about itTheories of child's play the actual test maker). Moreover, as shown by long-term observationsRaising Children: Surprising Insights from Other Cultures the children of indigenous peoples in different parts of the world, for the successful development of a child does not necessarily need the whole cabinets toys.
Therefore, in the near future mothers and fathers to be solved much more difficult task - how to plant baby imagination. And keep the child in a kindergarten or not, still remains a personal choice.
see also🧐
- Is it worth it to pay for alternative systems of preschool education
- 6 factors worth considering when choosing a kindergarten
- What to do with a small child: 15 interesting educational games