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What to do if the program inhibit, the files can not be opened or copied too long, and the system complains about the error in the disk.
As a result, software sboov, physical damage or deterioration can occur various problems with storage. Among them - failures in the file system, or the so-called broken sector (bad sector), - the damaged areas of the disk space.
On Windows and macOS have built-in tools to diagnose and resolve these problems. There is a separate software, which more closely examines the disks.
1. Built-in program to check the hard drive
Standard programs are compatible with both hard drives (HDD), and with solid state drives (SSD). They are also suitable not only for domestic but also for external drives. Type your drive and other information about it you can find the documentation for the device.
Windows
Check Disk in Windows can by utilities available in the drive menu. To run it, open Windows Explorer and right-click on the disk, the diagnosis of which you want to spend. Select "Properties» → «Tools» → «Check».
If you see the option "Scan for and attempt to recover the damaged sector", check it. Follow the onscreen instructions to complete the test. Sometimes the process takes a few hours: the total time depends on the drive speed and capacity of the computer. If you check out a laptop drive, connect the device to the mains.
On some computers, tools for checking the hard drive built right into the BIOS. For example, on HP laptops brand is available option Primary Hard Disk Self Test ( "Autotest primary hard drive"), which can be used even when the hard drive refuses boot Windows.
Perhaps there is a similar function on your device. You can go in the BIOS, press F2, F8 or other key, which is displayed immediately after turning on the computer and look for a means test. Finding it, run diagnostics, and follow the prompts on the screen.
macOS
To check the drive on a Mac is the "Disk Utility". Locate and run it under Finder → «programs» → «Utility». Then, select the disk in the sidebar, click "First Aid" and follow the system prompts. The utility will search for problems and in case of detection will try to correct them. In rare cases, the process may take several hours.
2. Third-party program to check the hard drive
The standard diagnostic tools is sufficient for most situations. Yet some errors it can skip.
Hard drive makers offer free programs for a more thorough check of the devices. As an example, SeaTools for Seagate drives and Data Lifeguard Diagnostic to Western Digital drives. Such tools are easy to use and often contain detailed instructions in Russian. Program for your hard drive, you can find the manufacturer's website.
Among Windows users with a certain baggage of technical knowledge is very popular utility Victoria, is compatible with discs of different brands. It performs a deep analysis of the drive and restores it. But the developer has long ceased to support it, so there is no guarantee that Victoria is suitable for all modern devices. In addition, it is difficult and in the hands of an inexperienced user can damage the hard disk. So I recommend it to beginners hardly worth it.
Does a particular program SSD-drives or only the HDD, you can learn from its official description. This also applies to support for external drives.
If you selected a diagnostic tool finds errors that will not be able to fix, so there is a risk of losing personal data. In this case, it is desirable to copy important files to another drive and try to recover Windows or macOS. If the hard drive will continue to operate properly, it is better to replace it.
see also
How to recover data on a computer, smartphone, tablet, and the memory card →
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