How to insulate a balcony: Walkthrough
Do It Yourself Educational Program / / December 19, 2019
1. Understand the basics
What is different from the balcony loggia
First of all, let's clear divide these concepts. Both are glazed, so most people call the resulting space balcony, even though it is wrong. Some people mistakenly believe that if you set out on the balcony of the window, it is automatically converted into a loggia.
The key difference between the two designs is that the balcony has no walls and extends beyond the façade, while the balconies have side walls and is, on the contrary, sunk deep into the building. In other words, the outside air affects the balcony on three sides, and the loggia - only one or two, if the angular flat.
What result to expect
Insulate can be both, but the end effect will be very different. Good with insulation loggia is no different from the room. In the presence of a source of heat it becomes a full living accommodation for all year round use.
Due to the lack of capital walls thermal resistance warmed balcony is much worse - comfortable there be maximum until late autumn. Sufficient level could be achieved with an additional layer of thermal insulation, but it is impractical due to the small area of the room. After warming space almost does not remain.
What with glazing
As accounted for 25% of heat loss window, Take up the insulation loggia or balcony has meaning only in the presence of energy-efficient windows. If you have installed wooden frame with a single glass, you will first need to replace them with modern ones.
Triple-pane windows with higher thermal resistance weigh much, and they can only be set in the loggia. Balcony floors have poor load-bearing capacity, and mount these windows there is not likely to happen.
2. sophisticated design
Before you get started, you must determine the type of heater, choose the walls and finish flooring, as well as to decide how it will be heated room. All of this will determine the structure and algorithm of its installation.
insulation
Since the insulation balcony or loggia performed internally, it is important to use a vapor proof material to prevent the formation of condensation and the emergence fungus.
It is best suited for this extruded polystyrene (Epps). When installed with sealing joints it allows you to make the likeness of the room thermos, which will be good to keep the heat at the expense of cutting off the outside cold. At the same time with Epps is possible to achieve sufficient teplozolyatsii, taking in the room for at least the precious space.
Some believe styrofoam toxic. This is not quite true. Material really combustible and when heated above 60 ° C emit harmful substances, but it does not make it dangerous because Epps is always closed finish.
Decorating the walls
After a good thermal insulation of the loggia or balcony, you can use any kind of finish. Depending on the coating technology of thermal insulation works a little different.
- Wooden wall paneling, PVC or MDF panels - for attaching to the wall will need to make a pre-crate.
- Decorative plaster or plaster with subsequent painting - this type of finish can be applied directly to the insulation.
- Wallpaper - the easiest way to glue on gypsum board, fastened to a wooden crate.
Flooring
Gender warmed loggia does not differ from the floor of the room, so it can use all the existing finishes. However, for each type will need one or another version of the sub-floor.
- Laminate, linoleum, carpet Stel enshrined on top of the wooden lag veneers, chipboard (particleboard), DSPs (cement particle board), or OSB (oriented strand board).
- Tile and granite tiles are laid on the concrete floor.
balcony floor slabs have a low bearing capacity, so they are allowed to hold only the floors on wooden joists. On a more solid bases loggias in addition to this it is also possible to fill the screed for laying tiles.
In both cases, the system can be equipped with electrical floor heating, if desired. The only difference is that the design used on joists Film Infrared floors and screeds - heating cable or heating mats.
Heating
It is important to realize that insulation balcony or loggia only prevent freezing of the walls and a few raise the temperature as compared to the street. To maintain a comfortable climate without a heat source in the winter can not do.
You can heat the room in three main ways:
- Electric warm floor - the most expensive and complicated to install option, but with the most efficient and convenient.
- Convector - installed in the outer wall of the heater can be turned on only in the coldest days or only when people are in the room.
- central heating radiator - according to the lawHousing Code, Article 25. Types of conversion and redevelopment of premises in an apartment house Do not carry the unit to the loggia or balcony, but if the partition is removed or permanently open the door, the battery cope with even heating of the room.
3. Prepare the surface
Take your things, remove the shelves, hangers and other items. Clean the wall from old paint and plaster. If there are areas affected by a fungus, remove it and carefully place a special treat with antiseptic and then well dry all surfaces.
To exclude blowing Seal all cracks on the slab perimeter fencing, as well as in places adjoining to the side walls, floor and ceiling. Remove from the joints of the old plaster and fill them with foam.
The idea is to cut off any cold air from the street and make the room as airtight as possible.
4. Mount the socket and lighting
If you plan to use to insulate the space as an office or recreation area, you must pre-mount wiring. To do this in the right places socketsLighting and switches.
Cables better conduct of the room adjacent to the inner wall. It is not insulated, so all wiring be easily hidden inside the frame or layer of plaster. sockets and lighting You can connect from the nearest outlet in the room. But for the floor heating supply, it is desirable to carry out a separate cable from the electrical panel.
5. Explore the technology of work with Epps
Expanded polystyrene is sold in the form of plates with dimensions 60 × 120 cm and a thickness of 20 to 150 mm. The sheets have a L-shaped lock on the circuit, which simplifies installation and prevents blowing joints.
Epps fastened to the walls of a variety of ways. The most common - the glue foam-in cylinders, which is applied on the perimeter and the middle sheet. Another option - fixed on the corners and in the middle dowels umbrellas with plastic or metal core. Also, polystyrene is fixed over the entire area of the sheet on the adhesive composition for insulation.
To form a single circuit insulation is necessary to seal all the adjacencies. It is important to leave a gap of 10-15 mm from the wall in the corners, the ceiling and the floor, then to fill them with foam. The joints between the slabs in the locks promazyvat recommended to glue or seal the foam-foiled scotch tape.
The thickness of insulation required can be achieved as a single sheet, and a combination of the two. In this second embodiment, even more preferably as fragments polystyrene tightly adjacent to each other and form a single layer, but due to the displacement of joints between the plates can achieve maximum protection against blowing.
After work indissoluble design should turn out, wherein each sheet tightly Epps adjacent to the adjacent and all the joints between them in the corners, the ceiling and floor are sealed with foam.
6. Insulate the parapet
Stove enclosure bordered by the street and exposed to cold air the most, so is the maximum thickness of the insulation - 80 mm. It is better to use more than one millimmetrovy sheet 80, and the "cake" of plates: 50 + 30 mm.
If you allow the size, wooden crate mounted on top of the second layer Epps, fixing bars anchors or dowels right through the insulation. When the width of the sill limited - sheathing is fixed on the expanded polystyrene 50 mm and the second layer of insulation is placed between the frame bars.
If selected as a trim plasterYou can do without a frame structure. In this case, the mixture is applied directly to the surface Epps. For better adhesion of the sheets to be processed grater or scratch an ordinary hacksaw.
7. Insulate walls
For walls sufficiently Epps 50 mm layer. Work is carried out on the same principle. If necessary, the sheets are cut to size with a sharp knife. For joining the pieces to one another at their ends forming L-shaped locking the same knife.
Better insulate the two layers (30 + 20 mm), and the mount frame on top Epps. But if the window is installed without transoms and limited space of the frame width, the second layer also polystyrene can be laid between the frame bars.
If you are going in the future to plaster walls, the sheathing is not required. Sufficiently secure the sheets and make them rough surface using floats or hacksaw.
8. Insulate the ceiling
The ceiling is bordered with Neighborhood apartment and not to the street. Therefore, there is enough of the same layer Epps, as on the walls - 50 mm. Laying is done on the familiar principle. Fixing your choice: adhesive foam, dowels, umbrella, glue mixture. Styrofoam is very light material and is securely held on the ceiling solely on glue.
When mounting, pay attention to the height of the windows. If the frame is mounted to the ceiling without dobornyh profiles, due to the thick layer of insulation casement may not be opened. Consider lath thickness and finishing so that after assembly to the flap gap remained at least 5.7 mm.
9. Insulate the floor
For insulating floor Epps require a minimum thickness of 50 mm, and preferably - 80 mm in two layers. Extruded polystyrene foam has a high density and withstand a load up to 30 tons per square meter, so it may serve as a base floor.
After mounting Epps enough lay plywood, chipboard or OSB DSP - and can be laid on top floor finish like laminate or linoleum. When installing floor heating pre-membrane to be stacked penofol or other thermally reflective substrate.
For laying tiles or porcelain tiles directly on Epps poured reinforced cement, which if desired can be built floor heating cable or termomaty. If the heating elements have a small thickness, they are easy to put in the adhesive layer for laying tiles.
Sex on a balcony or loggia is always lower than in the room, so many people prefer to put them on the same level and step away. This is done using lag of timber 50 × 50 × 40 mm or 40 mm.
First cross-stacked logs in increments of 40-60 cm and are attached to the plate to the anchor. Then the gaps are filled with insulation and propenivayutsya between them, and on top of the longitudinal joists are attached with the same pitch and are aligned to the standards. Next, a second layer of insulation is placed with the filling foam and plywood or other sheet material.
10. Perform finish
At the end trim ceiling, walls and the floor. If the stucco is selected, then sanded surface Epps glued reinforcing mesh, and then the two layers of plaster and paint is applied.
When the skin lining, plastic or MDF panels molded materials are attached to the wooden frame on the walls and ceiling.
For stickers wallpaper easiest way to sheathe the walls of moisture-resistant drywall. Use the crate as a cage, seal the joints between the sheets of putty and primed surface wallpaper paste.
11. Place the floor
The final stage of finishing - finishing installation of the floor. Prepared on the basis of the previously laid laminate or spreading linoleum. If you plan to warm the floor, it is first installed. Further, mounted plinths.
The exception is the tile. Because of the wet processes for laying it is better to mount on the stage floor insulation and before to start to work with the walls.
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