"I like you - I told you," or feast-to-feast "in Makowski"
Makradar Technologies / / December 19, 2019
The world is changing. Become more and more 'digital', pushing its "analog past" into the memory archives and collectors. The average person is increasingly reading news feeds in the Internet rather than paper newspaper. Good old bookshelves, prefer electronic formats fb2, txt, lrf and others. And the music and film has long moved from the traditional disk and (God, "some antiquity") cassettes in new and already quite familiar to most people, even digital formats.
And expel the "physical" media, this "Digital Youth" continues to compete in the novelty. Just yesterday, a trendy and modern DiVX, losing its way, gradually giving way to more young and dashing H.264.
In this turbulent and full of zeros and ones flow can not, nor take part online.
People are always changing. Remember the good old Soviet "book exchange", or clubs audiophiles' gathering. When we went and exchanged a vinyl disc on the other hand, rewriting it to tape in a hurry to exchange for something else. It always has been. Mention of such book exchange, can be found in the literature. By the way, this honor is perhaps the world was a great scientist and public figure, now proudly emblazoned on the hundred dollar bill - Benjamin Franklin. He is without a soul penny to buy books, and two classes of education, was able to become what has become, thanks to the book exchange and rental of books (so to speak). And now, how many people in the depths of Russia get information only through the exchange via the Internet on their own, yet weak links. It's in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Novosibirsk and dozens of cities, can all be easily bought in a shop, kiosk or on the market. Those who have been in the depths of Russia, know how much there is "meager" with regard to multimedia, entertainment, information for learning and development. But the good, the Internet comes more in most of the houses. And today, even in the villages, it is easier to put the Internet access point, than to bring the new film in a non-existent country club.
And then, the magic magic wand, comes to the aid of P2P networks, so-called peer network. Brand new, and already familiar way of sharing information. And also, headache many majors-holders.
I will not "spread mysyu on the tree," I will say briefly: I am far from such a fear. Himself, as owner, publisher and producer, I believe with peering networks need to be friends, to chat, and certainly not how not to fight. I see in this type of spread more pluses than minuses. And just do not see any danger for the circulation of sales (this danger longer are shady characters selling from trays), but rather a promotional publication. The blessing in this direction has already begun to look a couple of federal TV channels and several major publishers.
Digital distribution of information - this is our future, whether we like it or not. And leaving aside the discussion of electronic stores, back to the user exchange.
Do, however, one remark: today, many copyright holders and their agents, spread their products through a well-known peer network, and sometimes even arrange such distribution on their official sites. So, the definition of P2P-networks as entirely "pirate fiefdoms" more rooted in the past. And even well-known leader of the feast in the ocean-to-peer The Pirate Bay, after a change of ownership took a course on the dissemination of information beneficial to users and owners.
So what is this dreadful and terrible, this alluring and develop this peer-to-peer?
In general, peer-to-peer or P2P networks, it is a way of transmitting information, based on the equality of the participants. Pier-to-feast, or literally a dot - is comparable to the old Russian proverb: "You are to me, I tell you." And without going into details (if interested, I can write a separate article on the subject), I note that the principle is built in the direct exchange information from one user to another in equal shares, and the information is transmitted in small pieces, with one or several sources. For such a transfer is not necessarily what would have been all full file because taking away both and gives information, the integrity of which, in the end is checked checksum program-Klien. Here on these programs, we will talk today.
World multifaceted P2P-networks, but today we are interested in two of the most popular, it EDonkey and BitTorrent.
«ED2K aka eDonkey2000 - centralized type network, the largest of the existing file-sharing networks. Search perform specialized servers that are associated with each other. Customers own share of MFTP protocol. Company MetaMachine, the developers of the original concept and the first client-based web interface (EDonkey 2000 v1.4.5), in 2005, ceased to support this project, However, the network continues to function due to a better and more powerful client eMule, which uses the Kademlia mechanisms for building decentralized segment eD2k »
As already mentioned, the most popular program client in ED2K network - is eMule. And many newcomers, I am often asked: "Is there on the Mac OS client for" Oslo-network '? "
Yes. This program is called in much the same - aMule (All-platform eMule).
aMule - modification of the free client (eMule) file-sharing networks ed2k and Kad, cross-platform version. Supports Windows, Linux, Free (Open) BSD, MacOS and others. Mac version, in fact, no different from the usual Win-client. Russian interface of the program will help to quickly learn and understand the settings. This p2p way to transfer one of the oldest, but still popular. its speed is not very high, but in areas with a small internet channel they are more popular than BitTorrent, which we shall speak later.
aMule, like eMule and its analogue - is not just a program, but the whole world community, and even religion.
The necessary files can be found directly in the program built-in search, and with members of the network to communicate through IRC-client software. Just on the Internet, a large number of communities, which placed special ed2k-links (essentially different from the usual html-url), going discussion and controversy.
According to Wikipedia "Large ed2k-server periodically closed. Now, however, it is not creating any problems for the users, as eMule is able to work in a decentralized network KAD (for today is version 2.0), which is almost impossible to destroy. Today there is a tendency to increase the effectiveness of KAD-network in comparison with classical ed2k. For example, search for files and sources is faster, there is no spam. "But as I said, the main drawback of the network is relatively small data rate.
For large and heavy files common to use BitTorrent. BitTorrent - literally a rapid stream of data (bits), and from the title, we understand that we are talking about very high speeds. The project is a young (created by the programmer Bram Cohen in 2001) but was highly popular in many countries. Thanks to him, today it is possible to overtake terabytes of information from one country to another in a matter of hours. Many use it for professional purposes (for example, I give to colleagues in other countries captured videos), but most anything is exchanged on the network. For this exchange, there are special resources torrent tracker.
Tracker (Eng. tracker) - dedicated server running the HTTP protocol. Tracker is needed to ensure that customers can find each other. In fact, the tracker stores the IP-address, incoming client ports and hash values that uniquely identify the objects involved in the injection. As standard, the file names are not stored on the tracker, and get to know them on a hash-sums can not. However, in practice, the tracker is often in addition to their basic function and performs a function of a small web server. This server stores metadata files and descriptions of distributed files, provides statistics on downloads different files, shows the current number of connected peers, and so forth.
Tracker are:
- Open - where everyone has access to logged-injection, and does not keep records of taken / uploaded information. In such a method of disseminating information has its pluses and minuses. On the one hand easy access for all, on the other hand, since the person is not interested in a quantity to give them the information, often taking interest to him, he "leaves the hand." Thus, projects (releases) in such networks do not live long lives.
- Private or closed (private) - in contrast to the open, the trekrera have a clear number of users, and require registration. At these trackers is account taken / given away, and there are certain rules. Information on such resources is relatively long lives.
Here I would like to insert a small note in favor e2k networking: Most often the tracker a project lives from one to six months (there are exceptions, but they only emphasize the rule), whereas in e2k-networks most of the information lives for years, stored on hundreds of computers users.
But back to BitTorrent. The aforementioned tracker is like a tool in the hands of the user, as well as the weak link. For, if you disable a tracker, new users can not find each other, and those that are already connected to a network, also lose contact with the first connection break.
And by the way, some open networks and a group of users using a new protocol DHT (Distributed hash table). DHT BitTorrent allows clients to find each other without using the tracker, DHT form a common network, and help each other to find the project participants. As well, the protocol used by companies wishing to make available a free product from your pages. Or a group of people who are professionally (or for private purposes), transmit certain information within their group (for example, my colleagues and I). Such a process is called an exchange - trackerless. And if you do this way to convey information is important, pay attention when choosing a client program, if there is this option available.
So, we have gradually moved to the fun, the description of BitTorrent clients.
Contrary to some judgments, I must point out that the Mac OS choices such extensive programs.
Here, perhaps, the most popular:
BitTorrent - The first, cross-platform torrent-client, created by Bram Cohen in the language Python 4 in the not too distant 2001. Since then, he has not changed significantly. Settings are minimal. In the interface there is a choice of the Russian language, but for me personally to get him to "become Russianized" failed.
To many it will seem too simple. The way it is. But how many need someone who just wants to find, take or send their information without making the process of this cult?
Speaking of simplicity. In BitTorrent, there is one essential function, which is not present in many other torrent-client under Mac OS: When you create torrent-file (necessary for distributing information via the tracker) may set the block size (s) of transmission information. For some trekrerov is essential, since it is not permitted by the rules of information transfer small blocks.
Here, for example, a small fragment of the rules of a popular resource:
"On our tracker optimal block size is 2MB, if you have a weak channel - use the smaller blocks, but not less than 512K (this is the minimum size of the block on our tracker)"
Thus, creating a torrent-file from the not so heavy file (for example, 200 Mb) with automatic creation you get the size of a single block of ± 128 kb, and, therefore, not a robot tracker miss your project. The same story can happen when working with very large files.
And here comes to the aid the possibility to manually set the frame size.
Sometimes (to use in the bulk of another client) should keep in the toolbox of the patriarch precisely for such purposes. The benefit of the program is free, and runs on Windows, Mac, and Linux platforms.
Azureus aka Vuze - one of the most popular cross-platform torrent-clients. It is written in Java. It has a multilingual (36 languages) interface. Russified well (almost no translation error). It has a prodigious amount of fine tuning, which by the way is intuitive painted commentaries, and the main thing is not required for use. If you particularly need it or anything, but only just change the files on the network, you can run it and work with the default settings. For advanced users also opens a lot of opportunities are not available in most torrent-clients.
Given this choice, at the beginning of setup, immediately ask you to choose: you are "beginner," "proficient" or "advanced" user.
Also, the program has a built-in search of open torrent-tracker page with popular legal releases and clips of new films (trailers) in HD-format, its own library, and more more.
Creating a torrent-file in automatic and manual mode (with the installation of the block size)
From the technical features, it is worth paying attention to the distribution mode super-seeding, Web seeding, magnet links (the new and very popular type of P2P-sharing), the ability to work through Proxy server technology support peer exchange and DHT, IPv6, UPnP, NAT Port Mapping Protocol and NAT traversal. A separate link is integrated with other applications (including iTunes) and a built-in converter downloaded for designated programs and devices.
Speaking of DHT: Azureus in this function is organized slightly different principle than in other torrent-clients, and therefore Azureus-clients form their own separate DHT-network. What are some disadvantage when beztrekernoy boot data. Those. wanting to share information with your colleague directly through of DHT, is important, that would be on the other side, too, I had a client Azureus aka Vuze.
Interested, to keep in mind that this mega-processor, rather gluttonous to resources.
In all other respects, it is one of the best customers to share and search files. And like most other similar programs - for free.
Transmission - the second (if not the first) on the opensource-torrent-client for the popular Mac OS X, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, GNU / Linux and the BeOS (interface GTK + and QT). Small, cute, very friendly for beginners, having a Russian interface.
Setting more than the BitTorrent, but significantly less than that of Azureus. The so-called "golden mean." At the same appearance - perfect Mac Style.
Of the nice features that I want to emphasize that Transmission uses a small amount of system resources enables you to collect distribution in the group, has Growl notifications, and most importantly - shows the speed of the transmitted / received information in the icon placed in the program Dock
As Azureus supports DHT and PEX, UPnP and NAT-PMP, adjustment and speed limit reception / recoil, the recoil stop after a certain number Mb, remote management, and a flow sheet more
Creating Torrent-files only in automatic mode.
The latest beta version - 64-bit (th) Compatibility
Comfortable, beautiful, "without buggy" and free.
μTorrent - very popular on the Windows platform, but it is still quite green on platform Mac OS torrent-client.
Special mention of it is nothing. Setting the minimum, almost like BitTorrent. When downloading torrent-file does not select the content distribution, ie, you are unable to download only a part of the project, and had to "pull the whole thing" you need it or not. Just μTorrent is not able to establish itself torrent-file, and "locked" to work only completely ready to hand.
friendly interface, nice, but not having the Russian language. The program is easy, not resource-intensive, but, in my opinion, yet is useful only for those who is looking for something on the net, not giving away something of their own.
Naturally free.
BitRocket - another good opensource-torrent-client for Mac OS X with minimal configuration and straightforward, but nice-strict in the Finder interface style. the customer is the core of a powerful library libtorrent.
In BitRocket I liked the idea embedded RSS-reader, where you can place a special link with the tracker supports this feature. Placing links in the right side menu, you can view all the new file-sharing networks, and without looking at the browser to search for something interesting for themselves.
It is also very well organized search for well-known legal and public trackers. Moreover, the search results are displayed, as in Azureus, within the client program and not take us to the browser.
When the search results, it is possible to upload directly from the found list. For easy sorting filters so as to apply.
Thus, you can work with file-sharing networks using one BitRocket without external programs.
The list of search resources, impressive, and that is especially pleasant, it can be completed independently, in the program settings.
Very well organized withdrawal of details on the download in the bottom panel of the program and resembles something similar to Winows-version of μTorrent.
The ability to customize the conditions for obtaining / return
Showing download / upload speed in the program icon placed in the Dock
Creating a torrent-file only in automatic mode.
Perhaps one of the possible programs for routine use, especially for beginners.
Convenient, clear and free.
Of the minuses: no Russian interface, a small instability and possible (not frequent) crashes. Because the program is still very young and have not been perfected.
Xtorrent - only paid BitTorrent-Client. The very fact of his "interest payment" already distinguishes this program from a number of others.
What is it so unique that the developer (David Watanabe) has decided to take over their offspring 25 USD?
- Familiar Mac-style interface in the Finder. Unfortunately, no Russian localization.
- Built-in RSS-reader to subscribe to torrent broadcast streams (as well as in BitRocket)
- Built-in torrent search on the basis of legal and free torrent trackers and websites (list sites can replenish yourself in the program settings), followed by injection of the results Search. (As in BitRocket)
- The program is "cooperating" with the Keychain, and Safari, on this, if you are "logged in" to some resources file-sharing networks, the Xtorrent pick up the data and enters the built-in browser, already under your name.
- Preview the contents of the folder before downloading (in BitRocket this is impossible, only to swing without looking)
- Filter by Category (Audio, Video, Documents) and keyword.
- Search and Startup torrents from a specified local folder (where you can download files to another program)
- The ability to create folders collection with the relevant icons.
- Integration and support for external programs and devices: iTunes, IPod, iPhone, Apple TV and others.
- Showing download / upload speed in the program icon placed in the Dock.
- The ability to customize the conditions for obtaining / return.
- Support for Growl notifications system
The overall program is much in common with BitRocket, but made more soundly and comfortably. Even the design, both programs similar in ideology but in Xtorrent is more pleasing to the eye. But at the same time, it should be noted that Xtorrent is not able to create a torrent-files. And, apparently, it is focused on search and download content from the free (open) file-sharing networks.
In general, all of the above makes a curious program for beginners and "ordinary people" (not geeks). Unless you confuse the price of 25-60 USD (depending on the version)
Immediately, I want to make a little footnote: David Watanabe also released a second version of a program called Acquisition. It xtorrent it differs from the additional protocol completely decentralized file-sharing network Gnutella designed to work without a central server (tracker), and directly between Gnutella users (something similar to DHT).
Tomato Torrent - funny and a little torrent-client built on the official BitTorrent 4.2.0
With its microscopic knows everything you need for Filesharing, ie give and take.
Although angry seasoned poppy users, there is a strong opinion that the Tomato «good takes and gives bad." In this situation of affairs, the program is more suitable for open trackers. After all, in particular important principle of "give much took or more» (P.S. Personally checked - one and the same project for Transmission successfully distributed and stands rooted to the spot on Tomato)
But for those who use p2p-exchange rarely and in small amounts (most likely in the open file-sharing networks), I think it will suit this simple and very easy to torrent-client.
Another plus in karma Tomato is a flexible generation of torrent-files with manual block size and the prescription of a comment.
Settings virtually none. Russian interface, too.
What more can be added:
- Automatic stop seeding when the predetermined mark
- Displays detailed statistics for downloading and torrent file (but without selecting files. Downloading only entirely)
- It supports AppleScript.
- Minimal resource consumption
- Free
I think this can finish our today's excursion into the world of p2p-filesharing. I have listed not all torrent-clients, but the general idea you already have.
There is also plenty of aids, such as program search engines torrents, and much more.
And do not forget that peer-to-peer is not limited to file-sharing networks. I'm sure many of you are on Skype or Jabber, and in fact the work of these applications is built almost on the same principle and the same uses P2P-technology.
But this already, next time.
See also:
— To restore order in their multimedia collections