“Fundamentals of Human Geography” - course 2800 rub. from MSU, training 15 weeks. (4 months), Date: December 3, 2023.
Miscellaneous / / December 06, 2023
The proposed course of lectures is devoted to human geography and its component part of tourist geography. Both of these sciences connect physical geography with economic geography, and together they connect with history and health. Thus, they act as one of the forms of natural science and humanitarian integration. Human geography occupies a central and general scientific position in the Western geographical school. If in environmental management the focus is on the human impact on the geographic environment, then the focus is Human geography (human geography/anthropogeography) is the impact of the geographic environment on person. In tourist geography, the center is shifted to human perception of the geographic environment. Part of human geography is tourist geography - the science of the educational and health resources of the geographical environment and its beauty. We define tourist geography as the science of educational, health and aesthetic resources of the geographical environment. This is the beautiful science of beauty in the environment of travel. Tourist and humanitarian geography give new breath to regional studies, local history and, on their updated basis, Russian studies. Their special strength lies in publicism and journalism, which are especially important in order to bring science closer to society in the age of advertising and image promotion.
Candidate of Geographical Sciences, Associate Professor Position: Leading Researcher, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University
Topic 1. Humanitarian and geographical factors in the formation of a (post) pandemic model of education and health improvement.
The first theme reveals the integrative and interdisciplinary role of human geography and tourism geography. They give new breath to regional studies and local history. The landscape paradigm acquires therapeutic and health-improving heights with humanitarian and tourist geography.
The increasing significance of the geographical factor in connection with the pandemic is demonstrated. The recreational response of the population to the pandemic was rural tourism and dacha de-urbanization. With them, the prerequisites are created for the revival of deep rural Russia.
With tourism comes a spontaneous geographicalization of the population and an unprecedented increase in the population of well-educated individuals who are not professionally associated with scientific activities. This, one might believe, is the most serious type of recreation, perhaps, will become a new basis for the verification of science and its development. The science of tourism studies tourism as an important phenomenon of human existence. But the spontaneously emerging “folk science” also studies science to a certain extent.
With the pandemic came judgments about the end of tourism. In fact, it's more like a reboot. After all, with the pandemic, many have learned to work remotely, which means the lines between work and rest have blurred. Many people move far from their place of work and work successfully. It turned out that you can work while traveling and travel without interrupting your work. The pandemic has ensured the primacy of intangible goods. It is no longer necessary to own things; they can be rented. What turned out to be more important was what you couldn’t buy. First of all, health, education and impressions are not bought. Tourism can provide them to a large extent. The tourism sector blurred and he entered everyday life. This means that tomorrow everything could become tourism to an even greater extent.
Particular attention is paid to landscape therapy as a new scientific direction focused on healing through the healing effects of landscapes. Healing is not synonymous with treatment. The goal of landscape therapy, as tourism in general, can be considered to improve the quality of life, even if it goes against diseases and illnesses. During the pandemic, it's time to recognize the healing value of beautiful landscapes. The pandemic has served to reorient geography and ecology from the transformation of nature and its protection to the transformation of man and his salvation.
Subtopic 1. Human Geography
Subject and tasks of modern geography
Philosophical and physical geography. Physical map of the world in historical destinies. Anthropogeography (human geography) as an integral part of geosciences.
How human geography disappeared in the USSR. Dehumanization of Soviet geography. Natural-humanitarian basis of geography. The two main and equal branches of geography are general geography and regional studies. Development of human geography in the West. Contemporary human geography
Subtopic 2. Humanitarian and geographical factors in the formation of the (post) pandemic model of education
Country studies component of geographical science. Pandemic dimension of countries.
The results of the fight against coronavirus are taken as indicators of the viability of states. Data on the number of cases and deaths per 1 million show interethnic differences in the success of the fight against coronavirus. It is demonstrated that the pandemic exacerbates intercountry and intercivilizational differences and aggravates the importance of the geographical factor in the life of society.
(Post) pandemic transformations of recreation and tourism. With the COVID-19 pandemic, people's ties to the workplace have further weakened and their independence has increased. Tomorrow everything could become even more tourism.
Postmodern megatrends. The impact of postmodernity and its philosophy of relativism on education and tourism. The integrative and interdisciplinary role of postmodern tourism, involving the widest segments of the population in the processes of geographical knowledge.
Tourist geography as part of human geography
Tourist geography as a science about the axiological and educational and health resources of the geographical environment. Recreational or tourist?
Travel and excursions serve as an effective means of filling students with the knowledge that will be useful in life.
Tourism contributes to the increasing importance of geography in society and education.
Folk geography. Tourism in the geography of the population. Local history.
Subtopic 3. Humanitarian and geographical consequences of the pandemic.
Accelerated development of the digital economy in enhancing rural tourism and dacha de-urbanization as a recreational response of the population to the pandemic. Their significance is in creating the preconditions for the restoration of abandoned villages. Healing with landscape. The coronavirus pandemic increases the importance of solitary walks, local history, and rural tourism. Preventive value of landscape therapy. Its healing power can be used almost all the time and almost everywhere, both at the place of stationary stay and in a travel environment.
Treatment with beauty. Following nature is health, and the laws of nature are the laws of beauty. All places perceived as beautiful are assumed to be healing. The idea of the beauty of the landscape as the most important natural and health resource is introduced. Therapeutic anthropicity of landscapes.
Trusting their feelings, experience and intuition, everyone can determine for themselves the healing power of certain landscapes.
Landscape therapy integrates geography, medicine and human science.
The pandemic serves to reorient geography and ecology from the transformation of nature and its protection to the transformation of man and his salvation.
Rural tourism. Humanitarian and geographical features of our nutrition.
Topic 2. The second section is devoted to the humanitarian and geographical technologies of the rise of Russia and the construction of its image as a great tourist power.
The importance of walking in the formation of a Russian person is comprehended. The necessity of reviving Russian studies is substantiated. The biosphere-therapeutic significance of Russia is highlighted. The desolation and coldness of Russia is its misfortune, and at the same time a national treasure that determines the high standards of the quality of life of Russians. Cold periglacial environments and their importance for high mountain and high latitude tourism are examined in this light. In order to bring together high-mountain and high-latitude countries, the idea of creating an interhemispheric high-speed railway is being put forward.
Subtopic 4. Humanitarian-geographical technologies for the rise of Russia and the construction of its image as a great tourist power.
Biosphere-therapeutic significance of Russia. The value of the preserved natural environment of Russia, its air saturated with negative oxygen ions, melt water, and environmentally friendly food products. The country is ideal for the massive development of ecological and extreme tourism, even with a low level of service. An increase in the number of tourists there will also lead to an increase in the level of communications and infrastructure. Russia in the market of ecosystem and health services. Healing landscapes of Russia.
Constructing a positive image of Russia. Tourism as a springboard for the struggle for Russia. The space of Russia in its image promotion. Like no other country in the world, geography can serve in Russia as its philosophy and national idea, not only because of the vastness of space, but also because of the blurring of historical boundaries.
Of all the sectors of the economy, the tourism industry, focused on internal entry, is most interested in the rise of its country. For many states, constructing an attractive portrait of their countries is becoming more important than strengthening their military and economic power. Funds are allocated annually for this order and are among the priority expenditure items of the state budget. The best thing that can be done to build Russia as a great tourist power is to instill love for it. And love begins with admiration. Tourism makes it possible to capitalize this resource. We have much to admire. These are our imperial attributes and position at the crossroads of civilizations, a turbulent history of disasters. The history of many peoples of the world is derived from Russia.
Geography can serve Russia as its philosophy and national idea, its ideology, not only because of the vastness of Russian spaces, but also because of the blurred historical boundaries of Russia.
Travels and hikes in the formation of Russia. The formation of Russia and its development took place in continuous campaigns and travels. Because of this desire to go beyond the horizon, to sail around the bend, the most grandiose country on the planet was formed. The very character of the Russian person was created in the conquest of the most extensive plains in the world, in long hikes and wanderings, in religious pilgrimages, in continuous walking for many kilometers. The way of life and forms of settlement of Russians are such that even when living in one place, a person is forced to walk a lot. Pedestrian travel is inherent to Russian people from the very beginning. Nowadays this feature is disappearing from the national character.
Revival of Russian studies.
Russian territorial expansion.
Subtopic 5. Humanitarian geography of high-latitude and high-mountain countries. On the cold edges of the biosphere.
Modern periglacial environments. Periglaciosphere Typology of modern periglacial environments. The youth of the landscape and the archaic nature of its elements. The commonality of modern periglacial environments and their significance for high-mountain and high-latitude tourism. Its distinctive features include wide open panoramas, long daylight hours, and a large area of natural protected areas.
Tourism opens up new perspectives, but also poses risks to high-mountain and high-latitude environments.
Mountain tourism and mountaineering. Mountain tourism for country cottage holidays.
Arctic tourism. Borders of the Arctic. Demographics of the Arctic
Number of tourists in the Arctic. Tourism is increasingly becoming the main factor of human presence in the highlands and the Arctic. In some of the Arctic regions, the number of tourists exceeds the local population tens of times.
Circumpolar sea route.
Tourism changes the ideology of development of high-mountain and high-latitude regions from development-conquering with categories of risk to axiological with categories of beauty.
Subtopic 6. Humanitarian and geographical significance of the planetary railway.
Updating the half-forgotten. About Russia's access to the Indian Ocean Interhemispheric megaproject. Thanks to the progress of transport and network technologies, environmentally friendly and uninhabited high-latitude and high-mountain (periglacial) spaces are becoming increasingly attractive to humans. China's railway projects are bringing Russia to the world crossroads and to the highest mountain ranges of the Himalayas, Karakoram, and Hindu Kush. Russia also has unique opportunities for the development of mountain tourism and mountaineering.
Complementarity between high-mountain China and high-latitude Russia.
The highlands of Chinese Tibet and Kunlun with a sharply continental climate are in many ways similar to the natural conditions of the continental Russian North.
The Trans-Siberian Railway's access to the Bering Strait makes it possible to improve the quality of life of residents of the remote North-East of Russia and prevent the main danger for Russia - depopulation of the region. It is proposed to create a railway route from South Africa to Alaska and further to Cape Horn. The interhemispheric railway megaproject is capable of uniting multidirectional efforts of the United States, China, India, Canada, Japan, Russia and other countries of the post-Soviet space and the European Union.
Topic 3. The subject of the third section is the ever-increasing uncertainties in the development of society.
The development of survival strategies becomes urgent as a new imperative of geographical science. The possibilities of geotourism in expanding the subject field of geology, geography and geomorphology are traced.
It is substantiated that the fundamental dogma of randomness, which forms the basis of modern science, has exhausted itself and needs to be replaced by the anthropic principle of purpose. It is placed at the basis of the worldview of modern man. The emergence of the anthropic principle, which puts man at the center of the universe, is consonant with the natural-humanitarian unity of geography. The meaning of knowledge again becomes subject-(human-) dimensional.
Subtopic 7. Catastrophism as a methodological program
Increasing uncertainties
Tourism in conservation is archaic. The importance of preserving the archaic. Periglacial
environments are saturated with archaic elements of everyday life and survival techniques.
In light of impending disasters, their preservation is more important than the development of new high-tech.
With the 21st century, humanity is entering an era of increasing all kinds of uncertainties associated with the randomness and multivariate nature of the future. Disasters demonstrate the inadequacy of past experience to predict the future. With the growing complexity of the technosphere comes a simplification of its diversity and the risk of a catastrophic outcome. In connection with coronavirus infection, the development of survival strategies has become even more urgent as a new imperative for geographical science.
Any major catastrophe clearly connects physical geography with economic geography and at the same time turns out to be beyond the close consideration of both. Therefore, the most important topic of human geography should be recognizing those threats that could already threaten humanity, and those that could destabilize it in the future.
Subtopic 8. Geotourism as an encounter with the unknown.
Geodiversity, geoheritage and geoparks. While ecotourism is based on biodiversity, geotourism is based on the diversity of geological structures, minerals, rocks, fossils and landforms. The importance of geoparks in the conservation of geoheritage and the prospects for their creation in Russia. It is proposed to expand their network based on the experience of the geological departments of museums.
Geotourism creates the most visual representation of the scope and power of past natural disasters. Traces of gigantic and fleeting water disasters on a global scale are found in all rock formations. To an unbiased glance they open up everywhere -
in giant folds and strata of rocks, in cliffs and quarries, in moraine boulders, in fossil deposits. Apparently, the picture of earthly and human history was very dynamic and “shaking.” There could be many sudden catastrophes in the history of the Earth.
Grandiose catastrophes on a planetary scale swept over the world and 10–12 thousand years ago, and at other times. A catastrophic and, probably, anti-random picture of the history of the planet is emerging more and more clearly.
The possibilities of geotourism in expanding the subject field of geology, geography and geomorphology are considered. Along with the activities of geological museums, geotourism is seen as one of the main ways to integrate geosciences with society. From amateur scientists
people can expect verification of scientific knowledge and new breakthroughs in science.
Geotourism is becoming one of the main forms of tourism and contributes to the elevation of Earth science in society.
Subtopic 9. Methodological potential of the teleological principle of purpose.
Return to anthropocosmism.
Two keys to the past. The prehistoric past in geology is considered similar to the present “the present is the key to the past.” According to Cuvier, “the fossil is the key to the past.” The researcher reveals with this key the fundamental
a break between the present and the prehistoric past as no fossils accumulate today. The emergence of the Ice Age doctrine.
Teaching about goals. The basis of modern science is the fundamental dogma of chance.
Substituting a goal for chance. Methodological potential of the teleological principle of purpose.
Anthropic principle. Its application to the biosphere. Directional encoding. Global extinctions in the light of the anthropic principle.
Anthropicity of geological disasters. Anthropic outlines of continents.
How old is the biosphere? Eschatological expectations. Two ontologies
The emergence of the anthropic principle, which puts man at the center of the universe, is consonant with the natural-humanitarian unity of geography. The anthropic principle introduced the subject into the macrocosm of the Universe. Tourism introduces the subject into the mesoworld around us, the world of geography. The meaning of knowledge again becomes subject-(human-) dimensional.
The anthropic nature of the universe contributes to both the natural and humanitarian unity of science and the harmonization of science and religion.