How to open your own business online and get a CEP for doing business: simple instructions
Miscellaneous / / April 03, 2023
1. Determine the business registration form
If you plan to hire employees, there are two options: to become a sole trader or to open a limited liability company. Answering the following questions will help you choose the appropriate registration form:
- Who will own the business? An individual entrepreneur manages the affairs himself, and in a limited liability company this right can either belong to one of the founders or be divided among several people. Maximum LLC participants - 50 people.
- What will the business do? An LLC can specialize in any legal type of activity, but an individual entrepreneur There is a number of restrictions. For example, individual entrepreneurs cannot engage in television broadcasting, produce and sell alcoholic beverages.
If the business plan meets both forms of registration, it is worth comparing other features of the IP and LLC statuses. Both have their pluses. Suppose an individual entrepreneur has access to tax holidays, and if less than 15 people work for it, then also
patent taxation system. LLC cannot take advantage of such bonuses. In addition, the IP has the right to dispose of the entire amount of income, as it sees fit, and the founders of the LLC receive benefit only in the form of dividends.But a sole trader answers for debts with all their property, including personal, and LLC - only property companies. The exception is subsidiary liability: it superimposed on the founders in the event of bankruptcy of the LLC, if it is proved that it was the actions of the participants that led to it.
2. Choose a service for online registration
To register a business, you need to fill out an application and collect a package of documents. IP enough attach a copy of the passport and TIN. When creating an LLC need to confirm the legal address, prepare the charter and memorandum of association, if there are several participants, or a decision to create a legal entity, if there is one.
Regardless of the chosen registration form, the application will need to specify OKVED code, that is, the designation of the type of activity. There are a lot of them - more than two thousand. But you don't have to scroll through everything. The codes in the list are grouped by areas: just find your own and the search circle will narrow. If you plan to engage in different services, you can add several OKVED codes to the application at once. They can be changed after registration, but for this you need to contact the tax office and write a corresponding application. If you really decide to change the direction of your business, this step is best not to be neglected. Otherwise there is a risk get a fine of up to 10,000 rubles.
You can apply for business registration at the MFC, with the help of a notary and directly with the Federal Tax Service. But with online services it will be faster and more comfortable. And this registration option also eliminates the need to pay a state duty, that is, it will save 800 rubles for an individual entrepreneur or 4,000 rubles for an LLC.
The VTB service will help to apply for opening an individual entrepreneur or LLC remotelyOnline business registration». In both cases, the process of processing and sending documents to the Federal Tax Service will take less than half an hour. Entrepreneurs only need to go through a quick registration on the site, provide scans and answer a few questions about the future business - the service will tell you exactly what to apply and indicate.
Further, the bank will take care of all the worries: for an individual entrepreneur it will prepare an application in the form P21001, for an LLC - an application in the form P11001 and the charter of the organization. The user can obtain a qualified electronic signature (QES) for signing constituent documents in bank office or in the ID Point mobile application, confirming the identity using a biometric foreign passports. After that, the client receives the CEP and in one click certifies the documents on his smartphone with their subsequent sending to the Federal Tax Service. Before sending the documents, VTB specialists will check the correctness of the data and, if necessary, correct the controversial points so that you do not have to redo everything several times. It remains only to wait for the response of the Federal Tax Service: registration takes an average of 3-5 business days.
Service "Online business registration» is available to start-up entrepreneurs in all regions of Russia. And it is completely free: you do not need to pay any state duty or bank services.
Open a business online
3. Choose a taxation system
After registration, a business is automatically assigned OSNO, that is, a general taxation system. But it is complex and costly, because it consists of three taxes: VAT, property tax, personal income tax (13%) for individual entrepreneurs or income tax (20%) for LLC. Therefore, if the type of activity allows you to choose other systems, it may make sense to study them. Here are some options to look at:
- Simplified taxation system (USN).Replaces all three taxes that are included in the OSNO. A simplified system should be chosen if the annual income is less than 200 million rubles, and the number of employees is not more than 130. The amount of tax depends on the object of taxation. If income is chosen as it - 6%, if the scheme "income minus expenses" - 15%. In the case when an individual entrepreneur or LLC earns from 150 to 200 million per year, the tax increases to 8 or 20%, respectively.
- Patent taxation system (PSN). Her can choose only sole proprietorships with less than 15 employees. In this case, instead of taxes, the entrepreneur pays a patent - a document giving the right to carry out a specific type of activity for a certain period (maximum 12 months). The cost of a patent is calculated according to the formula: potential income x 6% (tax rate). When calculating income, the area of \u200b\u200bthe premises, the number of employees and a number of other factors can be taken into account. An important detail - PSN is not suitable for all types of activities. For example, it is impossible to obtain a patent for the sale of clothing and footwear.
- Single agricultural tax (ESKhN). Suitable for individual entrepreneurs and LLCs that produce goods or provide services in this area. The tax rate is 6% of the difference between income and expenses. Property tax to pay not necessary, but the LLC retains VAT.
- Automated Simplified Taxation System (AUSN).Active in experimental mode until December 31, 2027 and only in four regions: Moscow, Moscow Region, Tatarstan and Kaluga Region. Suitable for individual entrepreneurs and LLCs with less than five employees and annual income below 60 million rubles. Size - 8% for "income" or 20% for "income minus expenses". On AUSN, unlike the simplified tax system, you do not need to submit a tax return, and individual entrepreneurs are also relieved of the obligation to make insurance premiums (medical and pension).
To transfer, you need to write an application to the Federal Tax Service right at the time of business registration or within a month after receiving the status. Otherwise, you will have to wait for the new year.
4. Open a current account and issue a business card
In theory, individual entrepreneurs and organizations can get by and without them, but it will be more difficult to conduct business and keep track of profits and expenses - personal expenses will mix with workers. And without a current account, it will not be possible to set up acquiring, take a loan for a business, conduct non-cash transactions, conclude contracts with other individual entrepreneurs and LLCs in the amount of 100 thousand rubles or more and participate in grants or tenders.
The situation with taxes will also become more complicated: the Federal Tax Service can consider any income as income from entrepreneurial activity. When a business is on the simplified tax system under the “income minus expenses” scheme, it will not be easy to confirm expenses. For example, if you fail to prove that you bought the printer and three packs of paper for business, and not for yourself, the Federal Tax Service will not take these costs into account when calculating the amount of tax. This means you will have to pay more.
Finally, the Bank of Russia forbids use an individual account for business. If this violation is revealed, the account may be blocked. Therefore, it is better not to take risks.
Entrepreneurs who open their own business through the service "Online business registration”, VTB provides a current account and a business card with free issue and maintenance. The account has a long payment day and remote control, and you can use it immediately after obtaining the status of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The card in a virtual format will be available within a minute after filling out the application. It is profitable to develop a business with it - 2.5% cashback is charged for expenses.
In addition, VTB will help connect acquiring, apply for the USN and switch to electronic document management. All this is also online and free. To make business development easier, the bank provides young entrepreneurs with access to a portal with courses and seminars. And after registration, you can also receive bonuses from partners: for example, discounts on remote legal support and connection to a cloud service for working with online cash registers.
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5. Get CEP certified for doing business
A Qualified Electronic Signature (QES) is an analogue of a handwritten signature in the digital world. It allows you to remotely approve important documents in electronic format.
CEP differs from a simple electronic signature by increased requirements for information protection and the availability of a qualified certificate - this document confirmsthat the signature is unique and belongs to a specific owner. A qualified certificate has a validity period of 15 months and then must be renewed.
The CEP certificate is necessary to ensure electronic document management both within the organization and when working with partners, contractors and government services. In particular, a certificate is needed to interact with the tax service. For example, CEP can be signed invoice, tax return and accounting reports: in order to transfer the required information, it will not be necessary to visit the Federal Tax Service and stand in line.
A qualified electronic signature certificate is issued only by the certification center of the Federal Tax Service of Russia and its authorized representatives with personal the presence of an individual entrepreneur or a representative of the sole executive body of a legal entity - for example, a general director.
VTB Bank is a trustee of the Federal Tax Service of Russia, so it is easy to save money and time with it. design CEP certificate. Bank customers can receive a qualified electronic signature certificate written on a certified branded USB token free of charge and spend no more than 20 minutes on the entire process.
Find out how to get a CEP
VTB Bank (PJSC). General license No. 1,000 for banking operations issued by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation on July 8, 2015.