7 situations where it is easy to mistake quotes
Miscellaneous / / November 13, 2021
Names do not always need to be quoted.
Quotation marks in Russian are used in direct speech, in quotes, with names and to convey an unusual or ironic meaning of a word or phrase. Everything seems to be simple. However, there are nuances in which it is easy to get confused.
1. Conventional and real names
Conventional names are those in which the literal meanings of words do not match what they call: "Contemporary" - it is a theater, and not a person living at the same time with someone; "Apple" - a batch, not a fruit; "Locomotive" - a football club, not part of a train. Such names are always written in quotation marks.
In real names, words are used in their direct meaning: Guinness Book of Records - this is really a book, The Bolshoi Theatre - This is a theatre, Moscow Printing House No. 2 Is a typography. Quotation marks are not needed in such names.
However, the real name is highlighted in quotation marks if it is used with a generic name (most often it is a legal form): OJSC "Moscow Printing House No. 2", FSBI "Presidential Library named after B. N. Yeltsin ".
2. Names that have become common nouns in everyday communication
Many names eventually become common nouns and lose quotes. This has already happened, for example, with a copier and a diaper - words that were originally the names of companies.
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And now an interesting story is happening with the names of social networks and messengers. They can be written in Latin, and then the quotes are not put: Facebook page, post on Instagram. But if you use the Cyrillic alphabet, then you need to pay attention to the meaning.
When we mean exactly the name, we write in quotes and with a capital letter: Facebook promotions, technical support "Telegram", innovations on Instagram.
However, in ordinary, everyday communication, these words have the meanings "blog", "personal page", "messenger": posted on my instagram (posted on the page, on the blog), wrote in telegram (wrote in the messenger). In such cases, it is permissible to write with a lowercase letter and without quotes.
The names of foods and drinks that have become common nouns in personal or informal correspondence can also beRussian spelling and punctuation rules. Complete Academic Reference / Ed. V. V. Lopatina use without quotes and with a lowercase letter: drank coca-cola, ate amateur sausage, bought Essentuki-17.
3. Station and stop names
The names of metro stations and ground transport stops are enclosed in quotation marks: Okhotny Ryad station, stop "Children's Clinic".
But the names of railway stations, train stations and airports are writtenRussian spelling and punctuation rules. Complete Academic Reference / Ed. V. V. Lopatina without quotes: Lavriky station, Ladozhsky railway station, Sheremetyevo airport.
4. Nicknames
Nicknames historical figures and legendary characters are transmitted in texts without quotation marks, each word with a capital letter: Vladimir Krasnoe Solnyshko, Vsevolod the Big Nest, Richard the Lionheart. The same applies to animal nicknames and similar structured names of literary characters: White Bim Black Ear, Fedka Wash with Mud.
Following the same logic, nicknames such as, for example, Garik Bulldog Kharlamov or Duiane Scala Johnson, it is also worth writing without quotes.
5. Stable expressions
Words that are used figuratively or unfamiliarly can be enclosed in quotation marks. This is done so that the reader knows that the meaning does not need to be taken literally.
But over time, this unusual use becomes common, so there is no longer any need to emphasize non-literal understanding. Then you should writeWhen are quotes needed? / Reference and information portal GRAMOTA.RU without quotes: zest (meaning "feature"), star (celebrity), gold (reward), helpline, white salary, round table, bags under the eyes, Full construction, rush hour.
6. Evaluations
Assessment names are written without quotes: five, four, troika. The same goes for Great, OK, satisfactorily, unsatisfactory. The meanings of all these words are not only not perceived as unusual, but are also fixed in dictionaries, so quotes are not needed.
7. Words and phrases after "so-called"
No quotation marks are placed after the phrase "so-called": so-called local case, so-called reserve fund. However, if a word or phrase is used in an unusual or ironic meaning, then quotation marks must be placed: I received 10 rubles, and gave him my phone - the so-called "fair exchange" took place.
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