What will change in the laws in 2020

Finance

Banks can introduce fees for money transfer

From January 1, the Central Bank will begin to take commission from banksTariffs for Bank of Russia services in the fast payment service of the Bank of Russia payment system (SBP), effective from January 1, 2020 for transfers in the fast payment system. The amounts are small: we are talking about a maximum of 3 rubles for debiting from the account and the same amount for crediting funds. But for banks this can result in significant costs. It is possible that they will decide to share the financial burden with clients and introduce a commission for transfers. It is unlikely to ruin you, but at least you will know why this is happening.

Credit growth will once again be limited

Credit institutions will be banned from January 1Federal Law of 27.12.2018 N 554-FZ accrue interest as soon as its amount exceeds the original loan amount by 1.5 times. For example, if you took 20 thousand and do not return it on time, the maximum debt will be 50 thousand, no more.

The law should protect borrowers from overzealous microfinance organizations. And so that they did not have ways to get around the restriction, it was extended not only to interest, but also to forfeits, penalties, fines and so on. The innovation is valid for loans for less than a year.

An authorized representative will help to deal with the MFI

From January 1, disputes with microfinance organizations will beFederal Law of June 4, 2018 No. N 123-ФЗ the financial representative must decide if the amount of claims does not exceed 500 thousand rubles. You can contact him through your personal account at website the ombudsman.

Minimum wages increased

The minimum wage from January 1 will beOrder of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated 09.08.2019 N 561н 12 130 rubles. This is 850 rubles more than in 2019.

Maternity capital indexed

Now the mother capital will beFederal Law of 19.12.2016 N 444-FZ 466 617 rubles and will increase in comparison with 2019 by 13 591 rubles. Before that, its size has not changed since 2015.

Compensation in the amount of 50 rubles canceled

Until 2020, some citizens received social support in the amount of 50 rubles every month. She was paid by:

• to those who were in parental leave up to 3 years old;
• undergraduate and graduate students on academic leave for medical reasons;
• to the wives of employees of the internal affairs bodies and the Ministry of Emergency Situations, who left for their husbands in distant garrisons, where there is no work for them.

Now this payment is canceledDecree of the President of the Russian Federation of November 25, 2019 N 570.

"Putin's" payments for children will be calculated in a new way

If the average per capita family income is less than two times the value living wage for the working-age population in the region, it can qualifyFederal Law of 02.08.2019 N 305-FZ for help from the state. The payment is assigned to the first or second child up to his or her third birthday. You will have to confirm the right to help every year.

Previously, support was provided only up to a year and a half and exclusively to families whose average per capita income did not exceed the subsistence minimum by 1.5 times.

Important: payments for the first child are made by the social security authorities, and for the second - by the Pension Fund from maternity capital.

The property

Home buyers were protected from losing money

Until 2020, if someone bought a home that was not subject to sale, the authorities could seize it. Since 2020, it is impossible to take away an apartment from a bona fide buyerFederal Law of 16.12.2019 N 430-FZ. To consider him unfair, it is necessary to prove in court: he knew or should have known that the seller had no right to dispose of the property.

If the buyer has become a victim of an unscrupulous seller and the home is taken away in favor of the rightful owner, he is entitled to compensation from the state. Let's say you bought an apartment that the seller received in inheritance. Later, another potential heir appears, whose rights have been violated. As a result, the purchase and sale transaction may be considered invalid. Previously, the victim had to seek a refund from the seller. If outright fraudsters were involved, there was no one to ask. Now the loss can be made upFederal Law of 02.08.2019 N 299-FZ the state - in the amount of real damage or the cadastral value of housing. This also applies to those who lost their apartment before 2020. They have three years to receive compensation.

Rural residents will be given a preferential mortgage

From January 1, you can take a loan for the construction or purchase of a house in rural areasResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 30, 2019 No. № 1567 at a rate of 0.1 to 3%. The maximum term of a mortgage is 25 years, the size is 3 million, for the Leningrad Region and the Far Eastern Federal District - 5 million. The minimum deposit is 10%.

Mortgage agreements will become clearer

Information about the amount of the loan, the timing of its repayment, interest rate, quantity, size and frequency of payments should now be indicatedFederal Law of 02.08.2019 N 271-FZ on the first page of the agreement in the form of a table.

Taxes and insurance premiums

For individuals

Property tax will be calculated according to the cadastral value

Completed in 2020Federal Law of 04.10.2014 N 284-FZ transition to a new system for calculating real estate tax for individuals. Until 2015, it was charged at inventory cost. Over the past five years, the regions, one by one, switched to calculations based on the cadastral value. It is closer to the market, so the owners of houses and apartments now have to pay more than before.

In 2020, in terms of the amount of special changes, one should not expect. In most subjects, the tax is not the first year is considered in a new way. However, its size does not matter can grow upif the cadastral value is being reassessed in your region.

The tenure of a home for sale without taxes has decreased

The state allows you not to pay tax on income from the sale of housing that you have owned for a long time. Until 2016, this period was equal to three years. Since 2016, it has been increased to five years, but with exceptions. It was enough to own real estate for three years to sell it without taxes, if it was privatized, received under a life support contract, inherited or as a gift from a loved one relative.

Minimum tenure will be reduced again from 2020Federal Law of July 26, 2019 N 210-FZ up to three years, and for real estate purchased after 2016, but only when the only home is sold. Otherwise, you have to wait five years. An exception is if you bought a second apartment, house or room less than 90 days before the sale of the first.

For example, you own a kopeck piece for three years. In January 2020, you buy three rubles. If you sell a kopeck piece in March, you do not need to pay tax. If in June, you will have to give 13% of the sales revenue.

You can become self-employed in 19 more regions

In 2020, 19 more regions will be added to the self-employed tax experiment. We are talking about a special tax regime for people whose incomes usually remain out of sight of the state: copywriters, home confectioners, nannies, finishers, and so on. They can register as self-employed and pay 4% of income received from individuals, and 6% from legal entities.

Previously, those who worked in Moscow, Moscow, Kaluga regions and Tatarstan could do this. Now added to the listFederal Law of 15.12.2019 N 428-FZ St. Petersburg, Volgograd, Voronezh, Leningrad, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Rostov, Samara, Sakhalin, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions, Krasnoyarsk and Perm regions, Nenets, Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous districts, as well as Bashkortostan.

Declaration of income received a new form

Income tax return 3 ‑ personal income tax is now filled outOrder of the Federal Tax Service of Russia dated 07.10.2019 N ММВ-7-11 / 506 @ in a new form. In particular, income from a controlled foreign company, received as a result of the distribution of its profits, must now be indicated in a separate line

For individual entrepreneurs and organizations

You will have to report employee income earlier

Employers will have toFederal Law of 29.09.2019 N 325-FZ submit to tax forms 6 ‑ NDFL and 2 ‑ NDFL a month earlier - until March 1. The innovation is important not only for accountants, but also for those who receive tax deduction.

This means that the 2 ‑ NDFL certificate for the previous year will be available in your personal account on the FTS website earlier and you will not have to request a document from your employer. It is especially convenient when you cooperate with several companies or live in another city.

Reports on advance payments of corporate property tax are no longer needed

Organizations no longer need to report from January 1Federal Law of 15.04.2019 N 63-FZ before the tax office for advance payments of tax on property of organizations. It is still necessary to make them, but there will be less paperwork.

Clarified the list of real estate for calculating tax on cadastral value

It now includesFederal Law of 28.11.2019 N 379-FZ living quarters and buildings, garages, parking lots, buildings located on plots for personal subsidiary farming, gardening or individual housing construction.

Introduced new rules for UTII

Single tax on imputed income bannedFederal Law of 29.09.2019 N 325-FZ apply to those who retail drugs and fur products.

Updated income limit for calculating insurance premiums

In 2020, you can deduct per employee to the Pension FundResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 6, 2019 N 1407 10%, not 22%, as soon as his income for the year reaches 1,292,000 rubles. Compulsory social insurance contributions may not be paid at all, as soon as the employee's earnings exceed 912,000.

Insurance premiums for entrepreneurs will grow

In 2020, the fixed contribution for compulsory pension insurance for individual entrepreneurs will beTax Code of the Russian Federation Article 430 32,448 rubles, for medical - 8,426 rubles. In total, you will have to pay 4,636 more than in 2019.

If you earn more than 300 thousand a year, you must pay 1% for pension insurance from income in excess of this amount - nothing changes here.

Excise taxes

From January 1 will increaseFederal Law of 29.09.2019 N 326-FZ excise taxes on:

• alcohol - cider, mead, Poiret, sparkling wines, beer with an ethyl alcohol content of over 0.5%;
• tobacco and tobacco products that are consumed by heating;
• electronic delivery systems for nicotine and liquid for them;
• motorcycles and cars with engine power above 90 horsepower;
• Class 5 gasoline, diesel fuel and engine oils.

Most likely, this will lead to an increase in the prices of goods from the list.

Transport

Driving will be taught in a new way

The ban is liftedResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 20, 2019 N 1734 for educational driving on highways. If the driving school did not have a license when the student took the course, they will not be allowed to take the exams. And now they will only be 20 years old to learn how to drive a tram, bus and trolleybus.

Utilization fee increases

Are increasingResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 15.11.2019 N 1457 odds applied to the base rate to calculate it. Most of all, the recycling fee will grow for passenger cars. Changes will affect the price of new cars, which may lead to an increase in cost used transport.

You can register a car through a dealer or manufacturer

From January 1, you do not need toFederal Law of 30.07.2019 N 256-FZ will go to the traffic police for numbers and documents. If the dealer or manufacturer has received the appropriate permission, he will issue and print them himself. Initially, the law was supposed to come into force in August, but the deadline was pushed back to 2020.

Registration will cost no more than 500 rubles, production of license plates - no more than 2 thousand.

The medicine

Doctors will be rewarded for finding cancer

Doctors will start rewardingFederal Law of 02.12.2019 N 399-FZ for the detection of oncological diseases. And this is good news for patients, because they will be examined more thoroughly. And early detection of oncology gives more chances for recovery.

Medicines will start labeling

The preparations will be appliedResolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 08/07/2019 N 1027 tags that will allow you to trace their movement from the manufacturer to the counter. This should help in the fight against counterfeiting, but may lead to an increase in the cost of drugs.

Animals

January 1 begins to operateFederal Law of 27.12.2018 N 498-FZ some provisions of the law on the responsible treatment of animals. In particular, it is now prohibited walk the dog a potentially dangerous breed without a muzzle and leash. The list of potentially dangerous includes Akbash, American bandog, Ambuldog, Brazilian Bulldog, Bully Kutta, Alapakh purebred bulldog, wolf-dog hybrids, gul dong, pit bullmastiff, North Caucasian dog and mestizo these breeds.

Wild animals that are kept in violation will be confiscated. Those who can be returned to their natural habitat will be set free.

Documents

Labor books will become electronic

Russians will haveFederal Law of 16.12.2019 N 439-FZ electronic work books. Information about hiring, dismissing or transferring to another position will be stored in the FIU.

2020 will be a transitional year. Those who are already working will be given a choice. Until December 31, you will need to decide whether you need a paper work book or you want the data to be stored in electronic form. If you are inclined to the second option, you must notify the employer in writing. Then you will be given a paper work in your hands, and further records will be stored already in digital format.

Those who start working in 2021 and later have no choice: they are only entitled to electronic work books.

It will be easier to apply for marriage registration

Do not need anymoreFederal Law "On Amendments to Article 26 of the Federal Law attach copies of passports (and other documents, if necessary) to electronic application for marriage. The originals will need to be brought directly to registration.

Parcels

From January 1 will changeDecision of the Council of the Eurasian Economic Commission of December 20, 2017 N 107 limits on overseas purchases. Without duty, it will be possible to receive goods not more expensive than 200 euros, while their number is not limited. There is now a limit of € 500 per month for all shipments. That is, there are pluses and minuses in the innovation: you can get more of all parcels, but you cannot order one expensive one without duty. Weight restrictions remain the same: 31 kilograms per parcel.

For exceeding the cost, you will have to pay 15% of the price, weight - 2 euros for each extra kilogram.

Weapon

From January 30, bows and crossbows fallFederal Law of 02.08.2019 N 280-FZ under the requirements for civilian hunting weapons. In particular, bows with an arc force of more than 27 kilogram-forces and crossbows with an arc force of more than 43 kilogram-forces must be registered with the territorial body of the Russian Guard. To purchase them, you will need a hunting ticket and a permit to store and carry hunting weapons.

Other changes

Far Eastern hectare in Buryatia and Transbaikalia - only registered in the Far Eastern Federal District

From February 1 to August 1, 2020, only those who have registration in the Far Eastern Federal District will be able to receive a land plot in this territory free of charge.

Will be allowed to buy medicines unregistered in Russia

Since March 1, drugs not registered in the country can beFederal Law of December 27, 2019 No. 475-FZ will buy by the decision of the medical commission.

In 2019, under investigation on charges of illegal trafficking in psychotropic substancesThe Prosecutor General's Office canceled the case against the mother of a sick child who ordered an unregistered medicine on the Internet several mothers of children with epilepsy at once. Women ordered the anticonvulsant drug Frisium from abroad. It was impossible to buy it in Russia, since it had not been registered.

The new law should help patients get the drugs they need on time and without problems. The main condition for the smooth purchase of an unregistered drug is the absence of alternatives in the country.

Smoking rooms will reappear at airports

LawFederal Law of December 27, 2019 No. N 512-ФЗ comes into force in early January, but airports will need time to implement. They will have to allocate isolated rooms equipped with ventilation systems in the "clean" zone.

Part of the insurance for an early paid loan can be returned

Let's say you took out a loan and insurance for a year, and then repaid the loan in six months. It turns out that you overpaid for insurance for six whole months. From September 1, the surplus can beFederal Law of December 27, 2019 No. 483-FZ will return. This is given 14 days from the date of full repayment of the loan.

Payment system operators will report blocking of accounts

Banks, as well as other organizations falling under the definitionFederal Law of 27.06.2011 N 161-FZ payment system operator, from the end of March they will have toFederal Law dated December 27, 2019 No. 490-FZ notify the client that his account blocked. You will have to notify him about this on the same day, and with an explanation of the reason.