Tax evaders - freeloaders and thieves
About 15 million Russians are not officially employed and do not payGolikova said that gray salaries in Russia are about 15 million people taxes, and every tenth hideOpinion poll "Entrepreneurship and self-employment in Russia" all of their income. These are ordinary people: freelancers, Tutors, Manicurist, builders, drivers, electricians, home bakers. So by the state passesFinancial intelligence is estimated at 20 trillion rubles, the volume of the shadow economy in Russia almost 11 trillion rubles.
By evading the payment of taxes and entrepreneurs: About 38% of small businesses in Russia hidesShadow Economies Around the World: What Did We Learn Over the Last 20 Years? their income from the tax authorities and the country's largest enterprises output
Alcohol-tobacco Rating: top 10 biggest tax evaders in Russia money in offshore and come up with muddy circuit. The volume of Russian shadow economy is 20 trillion rubles - more than the cost of the state for the entire year (17 trillion).It turns out somehow unjust: public goods enjoyed by all, and pays for only a portion of society. The rest - freeloaders and thieves, who live at the expense of honest citizens.
Judge for yourself. In any goods or services is the price of 1 kilometer federal highway shouldThe cost of building 1 km of the federal highway in Russia dropped to 44 million rubles 44 million rubles, the construction of the regional cancer center - 5-7 billion rubles. It's one thing when all thrown off. Other - when there are "very smart" and refuse to pay. All costs are borne by the honest citizens and riders live at their expense.
The state does not give me anything! Why do I have to pay him?
We are accustomed to the comfort of everyday life and treat him as a datum: the asphalt road, light and heat in the apartment, schools and kindergartens. Every day we go on the subway, walk along the quays well equipped and are not afraid, that on the way home to rob us in the alley. Few people think, where are the comfort and security.
The roads themselves are not to be built, and teachers in schools will not work for free. All this needs money.
Therefore, the country's residents are thrown off in a common fund to get a certain set of public goods. It turns out that taxes need not state, but to ourselves.
Apart from taxes on the population and business to the state to replenish the budget at the expense of oil and gas. These revenues are dependent on resource prices on the world market, so you can not rely on them. In 2018 Russian oil and gas profits madeThe budget for the citizens 8.8 trillion rubles, but this is not enough. At all costs you need to almost 17 trillion rubles a year.
I will not pay taxes because they are stealing my money!
Yes, corruption - a serious problem. In the media every now and then write about bribery and bribery. But before you accuse someone should look at themselves. Do not pay taxes - it means stealing from those who live nearby. My mom and dad, who are white salary, grandparents who survive on starvation pension. The deadbeat better corrupt?
If a person breaks the law, it automatically assumes that it can make anyone: government, business partner, employer or a cashier in a supermarket.
Life in abundance, comfort and safety implies that all must abide by the rules of the game and not show each other the finger. How can complain to the State the one who steals from his own?
And what are all my taxes?
Let's investigate.
Tax on personal income tax (PIT)
This is 13% of salary. Those who work informally or part of the salary received in an envelope, evading this tax. He fully enters into the budget of the region, where you work. 85% of this money goes to regional budget (for example, the budget of Moscow, Tatarstan and the Sverdlovsk region), 15% - in the local budget (Balashikha or Nizhny Tagil).
The region spends funds in accordance with their needs: building and repairing roads, which is planned to fix in This year, financed by pre-school education, purchasing medical equipment and ambulances, repairs heating mains.
When we do not pay taxes on their income in the first to suffer from it themselves: the region in which we live, he will receive less money, and less able to make them. From this and broken roads, sidewalks and unbrushed, and the queues in clinics.
Social insurance contributions
For those who work officially, their employer pays for the unemployed or workers without clearance - the state: 22% goes to the pension fund, 5.1% - in the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund and 2.9% - in the Social Fund insurance. Total is 30% of salary.
Contributions to the pension fund are collected in a common pot and go to the payment of pensions. Of this money, receive financial support from the state of your parents and grandparents.
Contributions to the OMS funds and social insurance - a free health care and benefits. Due to this money, we can go medical examinations and vaccinations, to undergo surgery and receive the necessary medication. Of these reserves paid sick leave, maternity leave, unemployment benefits and child care, survivor's pension.
15 million people do not pay dues and believe that doing the right thing.
But if you do not pay at all, older people will be left without pensions, for any medical treatment will have to pay, and selling and no one will get sick.
Now you know what the money is going? Yes, the system is not perfect, but without all the taxes have collapsed completely.
Let them take the oligarchs, not me!
Now in the Russian flat tax scale: all pay 13% of income. If we introduce a progressive scale, people with high incomes will hide them. This situation has already been in Russia before 2001, and the practice has shown that the flat tax works better. Besides Tax at 13% of the rich still take more than poor.
Paul Derkachev
A leading researcher at the Institute of Education of Higher School of Economics, Associate Professor, PhD.
Tax revenues are distributed between rich and poor. Suppose the poor receive $ 100, and the rich - 1000 rubles. In Russia, the poor pay 13 rubles in taxes, and the rich - 130. In this case, the wealthy citizens can not use the free services of the State, and to go into commercial clinics and send their children to private schools.
In addition, Russia has a luxury tax: cars worth more than 3 million rubles and expensive the property subject to high taxes.
Unfortunately, even if you take away all the houses, villas and yachts oligarchs and corrupt officials, the state does not become much richer. The thing is proportionality: one billion person - a lot of money, but by the standards of the country - it's a tiny amount. For example, on pensions each day to 20 billion rubles, and the cottage on the ruble is worth 1 billion. Government spending - is the sum of nine zeros, so that the clock, apartments and villas will be able to cover only a day or two pensions of all Russians.
This fact does not justify corruption. And feel angry because someone bathes in dishonestly earned money and luxury, perfectly normal. But why would vent his resentment toward their fellow citizens? After all, without our taxes we suffer ourselves, our parents, and all around. The oligarchs will leave, and we live here.
And what if everyone will pay, we will have a better life?
Let's count. About 15 million Russians are working informally and do not pay income tax. Hidden wage fund (wages in envelopes and informal employment) - to almost 11 trillion rubles. could collect From this amount:
- 13% PIT. It's 1.43 trillion rubles, which receive less regional budgets. Share this amount equally impossible, but for clarity, we divide (to understand how much, on average loses every region in the non-payers). Get 16 billion 823 million. It's a lot. The budget of the Ulyanovsk region in 2019 - 59.3 billion rubles, the Sverdlovsk region - 257.4 billion. 16 billion rubles would be to build a cancer center three, eight health centers, 20 schools, 45 kindergartens and renovate 600 kilometers of urban roads.
- 22% of the pension fund. It's 2.42 trillion rubles, or more than half of all revenues to the Pension Fund in 2017 (4.4 trillion rubles). That contributions would be enough to raise the average pension for 4300 rubles a month (at the same subsidies from the budget of such).
And now decide: whether we live better if all give up wages in envelopes and begin pay taxes? Yes, we will. But while some people hide their income and live at our expense, nothing will change.
This article refutes the popular belief that it is possible not to pay taxes and no one will not be harmed. It suffers, and especially ourselves. Share text in social networks and keep your bookmarks in case of intense debate, or when someone will complain about a bad life, not paying taxes at the same time.
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