Is it possible to transplant a kidney in the basement: 10 myths about organ transplants and their refutation

1. Remove and transplant organs can each

Organ donation - it is the last resort when other measures are not able to help, because not every disease can be cured. In this case, often the cause of severe health condition is not dismissive attitude to their own health.

In those needing a transplant, there are children born with any serious illness, which every day puts their lives at risk. So often organ transplant - this is their only chance of escape.

Every day about 22 people, that is about 8000 a year dieOrgan Procurement and Transplantation NetworkWaiting in line required for an organ transplant.

An important condition for transplantation is the selection of donor-recipient pairs, which is carried out on the basis of compatibility of individual laboratory parameters.

In Russia, in the event of death of the person there are a number of reasons why the donation is not possible. For example, in the guidelineThe post-mortem organ donation

"Post-mortem organ donation" among these appear: acute viral encephalitis, some types of primary malignant brain tumors. In addition, potential donors carefully examined for the presence of serious diseases - HIV, Viral hepatitis B and C and syphilis. The donation is excluded in case of confirmation of at least one of the diseases.

2. Almost all organs can be transplanted

The organs that can be transplanted include the heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, bone marrow and others. this listRussian Ministry of Health Order, Russian Academy of Sciences on June 4, 2015 N 306n / 3 "On approval of the list of objects transplantation" approved by the Russian Ministry of Health in collaboration with the Russian Academy of Sciences. This does not include bodies and parts and tissues that are relevant to human reproduction (egg, sperm, ovaries or embryos) blood and its components.

Today, there are two types of organ donation: lifetime (related) and the post-mortem.

In the case of in vivo donation possible to transplant a kidney, liver or part of a fragment of the small intestine. After the death of possible cases of transplantation, not only one, but at the same time 3-6 bodies.

Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Kanavero offeredThe surgeon Sergio Kanavero: I will open the path to immortality transplanted to the body of a living person's head. This idea caused a resonance throughout the world, as in this case, the person is likely to be able to live, but will not be able to move and breathe normally. This transplantation has not yet been made.

3. People are being killed for the sake of selling organs

No, it is not. It is pointless for a number of technical reasons. One of them is the fact that the deceased person must be connected to an artificial life-support systems. Otherwise, his organs are suitable for transplantation.

Ventilator ensures the supply of oxygen to the lungs, artificial circulatory system delivers oxygen to all the organs of a deceased donor, ensuring proper operation. This process is called conditioning organ donor. This part of the work - the zone of responsibility of doctors-resuscitators. Therefore it is extremely difficult to carry out the safety of organs without the appropriate profile specialists and the necessary equipment.

In addition, not all healthcare organizations perform organ transplants. As in Russia is currently the donation of organs transplanted into 52 hospitals and medical centers. Thus far not all of them in equal proportions transplanted into different organs, most medical facilities specializing in kidney transplants.

4. Organs are sold abroad

Far from it. International instruments prohibit trade in donor organs. Transplant tourism (travel to another country for the purpose of organ transplants) also condemned by the international community. So, in the Istanbul Declaration of transplant tourism and organ trafficking (it was adopted in 2007, updated in July 2018 in connection with the clinical, legal and social developments in the field of transplantation) statesThe Istanbul Declaration on transplant tourism and organ trafficking"Trafficking in human organs and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of removal of organs should be banned and regarded as criminal acts."

Authorities can not be lost. Firstly, in the Russian transplant is only possible for citizens of our country. Secondly, it is impossible to know for sure which hospital is the donor with the appropriate authorities, as the operation, information about donors, recipient, as well as the indications and the transplantation results are recorded in the Ministry of Health information system in Russia and are not available for a wide range people.

Moreover, the authorities illegally transported by plane and even more so on any other vehicle is not possible. For transportation requires appropriate documentation and technical equipment. Who would dare to take such a step?

5. There are clandestine clinics, where they make organ transplants

As the organ transplant is a high complex operation, transplantation can be carried out only in the clinic equipped. The health care facility should be: resuscitation, life support system fitted, surgeons transplant team, junior medical staff, laboratory, allowing to carry out costly and complex analyzes, artificial kidney, and more more.

It turns out that an underground clinic should be "to the teeth" is equipped with both expensive equipment and highly qualified personnel.

Health facility of this level can not be organized in the basement, as well as to build a team of professional experienced doctors who are willing to go on the offense.

6. "I operated on and forget" or "Living with a transplanted organ is small, and all persons with disabilities"

If the patient after the operation will ignore intake of special drugs - immunosuppressants - rejection of the transplanted organ can occur.

It is for this reason transplant patients must be observed in the planning doctor for tests and monitor the health of the transplanted organ. Subject to the recommendations of the recipients of donor organs lead a full life: study, work, raise families, have children, are engaged sports.

7. Transplantation - Business

In Russia, this type of high-tech medical care receivedFederal Law of November 21, 2011 N 323-FZ "On the basis of public health protection in the Russian Federation" funding only from the state budget. Therefore, organ transplantation is not a business area. None of the Russian citizens do not pay for the services of an organ transplant. In addition, Russia is not legalized so-called emotional donation - lifetime donation from a man who is not a blood relative.

According to the chief transplant Russian Ministry of Health, the Director of the National Medical Research Center of Transplantation and Artificial Organs. IN. AND. Shumakov, Academician Sergei Gauthier, emotional donation everywhere in danger of becoming free of charge, which is contrary to the principles of the World Health Organization.

The limitations established by the legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at the prohibitionRF Law of 22 December 1992 N 4180-I «Transplantation of organs and (or) human tissues" commercialization sphere of organ transplantation. Organ transplantation is carried out exclusively within the walls of public health facilities that have necessary license and are registered in the special list, approved by the Russian Ministry of Health and the Russian Academy of Sciences.

As we have mentioned above, donors as well as recipients, are made in the Ministry of Health. Given this fact, a transplant is technically impossible to commercialize. Also, the medical institution must be in writing, notify the public prosecutor about the organ harvesting from posthumous donors for transplantation purposes.

Moreover, Russian law provides criminal penalties for forced organ donation and organ trafficking.

Existing proposals on the Internet about organ trafficking - it is the basis for verification by law enforcement agencies, but by themselves in all cases are "divorce on the money."

8. Those who are in intensive care, do not save, to pick up their bodies

In fact, doctors transplant are not eligible to participate in the provision of medical care to the person who was in intensive care. This special rule is enshrined in law and practiced in Russia.

Absolutely all the diagnostic and treatment activities are carried out according to the approved standards, guidelines and clinical guidelines.

Thus, in the human brain death established a statement of death, adjustable documentRussian Health Ministry Order dated December 25, 2014 N 908n about the procedure for establishing the diagnosis of human brain death " Russian Ministry of Health. It includes a number of studies and different tests. Duration ascertaining death - 6-12 hours, sometimes it takes longer. brain death establishes a council of physicians, which includes a physician, anesthesiologist, neurologist with experience of at least five years.

In Russia as well as in many developed countries, actingFederal law from 21.11.2011 N 323-FZ (ed. from 08.03.2018) "On the basis of public health protection in the Russian Federation" presumption of consent. This means that every man after death can become a donor. If the deceased during his lifetime expressed disagreement on the posthumous donation, then the removal of organs is not performed.

If the patient still dies and known criteria can be an organ donor (in this case there is no information on his lifetime of disagreement on the donation), then with the permission of the head physician of the medical team invited to perform work by donation. Their task - to preserve donor organs in the body of a deceased person, the operation and ensure the safety of organs during transport to the site of transplantation. One case of blood donation can save the lives of five patients.

9. Orphans - a win-win for organ donation "black" Transplantation

according to the legislationRF Law of 22 December 1992 N 4180-I «Transplantation of organs and (or) human tissues" the removal of organs from persons under 18 years of age is prohibited. In case of death of children can be considered as donors only with the informed consent of the parents. Orphans can not be donorsFederal law from 21.11.2011 N 323-FZ (ed. from 08.03.2018) "On the basis of public health protection in the Russian Federation"In this case, will not work even consent guardian. In these matters, the legislation of the Russian Federation "from" and "to" intersects with the international practice and the recommendations of the World Health Organization.

10. When ascertaining brain death is sometimes wrong

This diagnosis means that the human brain is so damaged that the work of the heart and breathing are made only at the expense of drugs, that is artificial. Even if the authorities do not plan to be used for transplantation, brain death is still statedRussian Health Ministry Order dated December 25, 2014 N 908n about the procedure for establishing the diagnosis of human brain death ". In Russia, brain damage or death of its crust do not become the basis for organ transplantation.

Since the 1980s, the Russian Federation has not recorded a single mistake in the diagnosis of "brain death".