10 technologies that will change the world, according to Bill Gates
Trends Technologies / / December 19, 2019
Every year edition MIT Technology Review MIT is list 10 breakthrough technologies. In 2019 this task was entrusted to an external expert - Microsoft founder Bill Gates. That's innovation, which, in his opinion, will change our future.
1. Robotics
Robots in 2019 can accurately cope with the assembly of the components on the assembly line, but it's worth a little change the script - and the car will be helpless. It can not be taught to understand how to work with any object, but can be programmed to self-learning by trial and error.
Company of San Francisco OpenAI created a robotic arm Dactyl, capable of smoothly fingering cube with letters and find the matching set. OpenAI main task was to teach robot act regardless of the circumstances - the developers have experimented with the position of Dactyl, color, weight and cube materials.
Before truly intelligent machines is still far away, but thanks to programs such robots will learn to collect gadgets, load dishwashers and assist elderly people get out of bed.
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2. Nuclear energy
According to Bill Gates, traditional technologies We should evolve: the need to produce less hazardous small modular reactors, and the replacement of enriched U-235 depleted uranium-238. This will solve the problem of lack of previously used isotopes: uranium depleted in nature much more.
Developments in this direction are of Terrestrial Energy and TerraPower. In the life of the last Gates is directly involved in the role of lead investor and chairman of the board of directors. Experimental Reactor could not build nor in America, nor in China due to security restrictions and a ban on the export of critical technology. But this does not prevent Gates to talk about a new era of electrification tech reactors operating on depleted uranium in the 2020s.
3. Prediction of preterm delivery
Our genetic material within living cells, but even a small amount of DNA and RNA also circulates in the blood plasma. Scientists from Stanford University led by bioengineer Stephen Quake learned to determine the risk of preterm birth on the extracellular material. All you need to do expectant mother- a blood test. The startup, which purpose - to bring the technology to the commercial market, was named Mirvie (previously Akna Dx).
4. Endoscopy via tablets
Classical endoscopy - an unpleasant procedure for adults and difficult to implement for babies. Pathologist and engineer Massachusetts General Hospital Guillermo Tierney develops special probes capsules, swallow are more comfortable than a hose for endoscopy. Each device is provided with a miniature microscope and a thin rope on which power and data are transmitted arrives.
Bill Gates said that the endoscope pill will help children in underdeveloped regions of the world for the diagnosis tropical enteropathy, but in fact, the technology is able to simplify the study of all the problems of the gastrointestinal tract.
5. Individual vaccination against cancer
Scientists from the startup BioNTech believe that cancer cells mutate each patient uniquely. Therefore, the company is developing vaccines that contain data on these mutations. they stimulate immunity patient and help fight cancer. Healthy cells, inevitably kills chemotherapy, without suffering.
While start-up continues to conduct research, to bring to market, possibly the first working vaccine against cancer.
6. Production of artificial meat
according to the forecasts9.7 billion on Earth by 2050, but growth rate slowing, says new UN population report The United Nations, in 2050 the world population is 9.7 billion. This means that humanity will consume even more meat. However, its production requiresHow does eating meat harm the environment? more resources. For example, to obtain a 1 pound (0.43 kg) of beef necessary 16 pounds (7.2 kg) vegetable feed and about 10 000 liters of water. For comparison, cultivation 1 pound wheat will require slightly less than 100 liters of water.
People are trying to find alternatives, and now there are at least two. First, the meat from the tube. promising technology, but far from the exit to the commercial market. The second alternative - grown meat, which corresponds to the animal to taste, smell and hiss in the pan. Such companies are already producing and Beyond Meat Impossible Foods - Bill Gates became an investor both.
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7. Absorption of carbon dioxide
Professor of physics at Harvard David Keith proposes to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This solution would require less than $ 100 per ton. In the future it will help deal with the consequences greenhouse effect.
Kate offers not only "catch" the carbon dioxide, but also used to produce synthetic fuel. In addition, the Swiss company Climeworks with a branch in Italy already produces carbon dioxide, methane, which is used for saturation beverage bubbles.
The project Keita Carbon Engineering believes not only Gates, who became an investor of a startup, but the US Department of Energy, is partly funded by the company.
8. Simple measurement of ECG
To make an electrocardiogram, usually you have to go to the hospital. AliveCor startup offered an alternative in the form of a special strap for wearable Apple Watch. A little later, on a similar technology began to work themselves Apple Watch the fourth and fifth generations, relieving the ECG by a sensor on a digital bit. Also similar developments said the company Withings.
The main problem of these technologies is that they use a single sensor instead of 12 as in the medical examination, and are not able to detect a heart attack. However, in the autumn of 2018 AliveCor has introduced a new product - a gadget for your smartphone with two sensors capable of identifying a certain type of heart attack.
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9. Bezkanalizatsionnaya waste system
Waste-free toilets are needed especially in the underdeveloped countries, where sewage merge into water and contribute to the spread of epidemics and infectious diseases. In 2011, Bill Gates has launched a competition for young companies on the invention of toilets, which are themselves recyclable waste and does not require a drain. Then all went Biomass Controls, presented a waste heat system to produce fertilizers.
10. Really intelligent voice assistant
modern voice assistant They operate only within their specified programs, but these limitations are trying to overcome. For example, OpenAI company designs learning system voice assistant that does not require manual input of instructions. Such technology someday enable us not just to communicate with an assistant in the format "request - response" and to conduct a meaningful dialogue.
His development shows and Google. Her BERT system to study the millions of proposals, can predict the missing word in the text is not worse than human. Even more futuristic Google Duplex - pumped «Google Assistant" that can respond to spam calls and call the restaurant to reserve a table with a request for the user.
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